农地非农化管理的基础性制度：评价和创新

The main progresses included four aspects. Firstly, the concept of efficiency was redefined regarding three levels, i.e., resource allocation, governance structure, and institutional environment. A theoretical framework for analyzing the efficiency of farmland conversion for urban development was further developed. Secondly, a partial equilibrium model was built to measure the allocation effect and redistribution effect of land market on land use and the related social welfare. Thirdly, the transaction costs of farmland conversion governed by government and market were measured, respectively, and a theoretically TCE model was further proposed with some practical policy reform recommendation. Fourthly, a comparative analysis model based on transaction cost was developed, which was used to explain the diversity of institutions in different countries or regions. The agent-based modeling was also applied to assess the general performance of farmland conversion polices since the opening reform in China. The mentioned progresses have been published as 14 papers, amongst which 5 were SSCI indexed. The research findings also attracted the attention of officials in relevant authority institutes, and served as useful references for practical land administration. The applicant was also awarded by ministry or provincial governments for several times. The new proposed research aims to develop new theories and methods on assessing fundamental institutions for governing farmland conversion. It is useful for answering the impacts of diverse fundamental institutions on farmland conversion administration. It could provide more comprehensive scientific references for governing farmland conversion in quest for better performance.

项目进展：①重新定义效率的资源配置、治理结构和制度环境三层次内涵，建立了三层次效率分析框架，为农地非农化效率及治理提供了新的理论基础；②构建了局部均衡模型测算现有土地市场结构对城乡土地资源配置效率和福利转移的影响；③开拓性地对政府与市场治理下农地非农化的交易费用进行计量，建立并拓展了交易费用分析模型，提出了农地非农化治理结构优化的政策路径；④分别基于交易费用比较和多智能体政策仿真技术，解释了不同国家农地非农化制度多样性的原因，评价了改革开放以来中国农地非农化制度的总体绩效。学术成绩：国内外发表论文14篇，其中SSCI收录4篇。成果多次得到相关领导批示和部门应用，为土地管理实践提供了有益参考。申请人还获多项省部级奖励、荣誉和人才计划支持。申请项目主要研究：如何拓展基础性制度的评价理论和方法体系，回答中国基础性制度变化对农地非农化管理的可能影响，为农地非农化管理改进提供更全面的科学依据。

现阶段农地非农化治理的过程仍然面临很多实际问题的，包括规划、征地、供应、建设等环节都仍然存在制度上的缺陷。在“头痛医头脚痛医脚”式的政策改进效果难以持续时，审视这些政策的基础性制度是否相互匹配，对解决问题有着明显的理论与现实意义。.在构建的“三层次”制度分析框架和“可接受的局部性和整体性制度”分析框架下，研究以制度成本与收益为评价标准，从产权制度、集权分权制度、公众参与制度、生态补偿制度等四个方面对农地非农化的基础性制度进行了比较分析评价。研究发现，中国虽然不存在多样化的产权设置，在公有制的框架下通过治理结构的设计也能够实现与西方国家私有产权和市场配置相仿的经济绩效；中国虽然是一个集权政治国家，但在经济领域和非经济领域的与土地资源治理相关的集体行动仍然存在自发或者主导的集权与分权的协调，比单纯的集权或分权都可能体现了更高的绩效；中国虽然在土地管理上政府的行为仍占据主导，但因制度允许社会治理的参与，显著地实现了满足农民在传统土地征收制度之外，分享了更多的增值收益，且进一步促进了集体经济后发发展，改善了政府财政直接转移支付绩效低下的现状；中国虽然还在经历经济高速增长的同时资源环境面临退化的问题，但已经在渐进性和积累性的制度改进过程中找到了治理之道。.对这些问题的研究，有助于从理论上进一步讨论这些基础性制度如何能够在中国发挥不同于理论预测的绩效，总结出中国发展过程中特有的影响因素，对制度分析的理论发展提供一定的参考。同时，研究也能够为中国目前的改革实践提供一定的科学依据。