基础设施用地“绿色化”的管理机制研究

The project aims to find out proper governance system for greening the infrastructural land use based on analyzing the impacts of infrastructural land use on the Social-Ecological System (SES). The project includes five work packages: 1) analyzing the temporal and spatial characters of the relationship between infrastructural land use and environmental loss at macro-level; 2) investigating the land cover and land use changes driven by the infrastructure projects (airports in Hangzhou and Berlin) based on remote sensing analysis, and further modeling the impacts of infrastructural land use on runoff formation, nutrient and carbon fluxes. The model results allow for comparing different land use types in terms of adaptation (water storage, impacts on agricultural production) and climate mitigation (soil carbon storage); 3) identifying, analyzing and feeding back the main factors of the SES impacts, and explore the transmission mechanism of the three formal institutions by case studies in the two countries. The main methods are experimental games and comparative analysis through stakeholder platforms in the two case study areas; 4) developing a practical method to analyze the core series of transactions and the related transaction costs of governing the infrastructural land uses in the context of SES impacts, and further assess the efficiency of the governance structure in terms of transaction-cost-economizing criterion; 5) providing policy recommendations for the governance systems of infrastructural land use in China and Germany based on developing comprehensive matrix for assessing the overall institutional performance of governing infrastructural land uses at national level..The potential contribution of this project is to explore the theory and methods for analyzing institutions in the context of SES and provide empirical evidence through comparing two cases in China and Germany. Further it combines multi-disciplinary theories and methods from natural and social science.

把握基础设施用地对“社会—生态系统”（SES）的影响，寻找能促进基础设施用地“绿色化”的管理机制。研究内容包括:(1)在宏观上把握基础设施用地投入与生态环境变化之间的关系;(2)基于中德两个机场设施用地案例的遥感影像分析和SWIM模型模拟，识别和评价基础设施用地对生态系统造成的影响，以及生态系统的反馈;(3)在案例地区建立利益相关者平台，通过制度比较和实验经济学的方法，识别、分析并反馈不同的正式制度对机场用地SES影响的作用机制及其影响因素;(4)概念性分解案例中SES变化的不同交易，并以交易费用为评价标准，评价案例中治理结构的治理效率;(5)综合上述基础设施用地绿色化管理机制的影响因素分析，给出中德在基础设施用地管理机制上的启示和改进建议。.项目的特色在于在不同国家制度环境比较的基础上，融合自然和社会科学的研究方法，探索了SES制度分析的理论与方法，并给出实证证据。

为城镇化设计合适的基础设施类的用地管理制度，需要把握不同用地过程的“社会—生态系统”的交互特征，这成为土地可持续利用、实现经济、社会和生态三方面协调的基础。本项目研究旨在把握城镇化进程中基础设施建设等土地利用变化对“社会—生态系统”（SES）的影响，寻找能促进土地利用“绿色化”的制度设计和治理结构。.项目研究取得了三方面的进展：第一，建立分析框架、拓展理论和创新研究方法（模型）来辨析基础设施和城镇化等引发的土地利用变化过程，及其引致的生态环境和经济社会效应；第二，衡量、比较和评价土地利用变化直接或间接引致的经济、社会和生态影响；第三，解释制度在“社会-生态系统”（SES）互动过程中作用机制。项目研究重点回答了机场会引起周边“社会--生态系统”产生如何变化，以及揭示了制度在其中的影响机制。同时，针对市场化改革制度、政府管制制度和多元主体治理结构等对土地利用SES的经济、社会和生态效应进行了比较、评价和解释。本研究提出的用地绿色化不是传统的单方向的经济活动对生态环境影响的视角，而是尝试探索决策所要同时考虑的所有可能的社会系统和生态系统之间的引致关系，尤其包括生态系统后续可能出现的反馈作用对当期决策的影响。