基于匠作体系的闽南传统建筑营造技艺研究

Southern Fujian traditional architecture and the construction practices has distinctive local characteristics and its own system. The skills of craftsmen are the key technology to create these buildings, and also the basic contents of cultural heritage studies. But these skills are facing a serious threat without the original social and environmental because of the rapid development of modern economic construction. Through interviews with craftsmen of Southern Fujian traditional architecture and tracking the process of construction, this project plans to make a comprehensive study of the South Fujian building skills of traditional architecture based on the system of the craftsmen. Making a scientific analysis of the craftsmen’s tradition, construction procedure, technical operation, and compare them with modern construction system, put forward the protection strategy about building skills based on identify the merits, to provide the basis for the protection of intangible cultural heritage and traditional architecture heritage of the southern Fujian region, fill in the gap in the research of the South Fujian building skills of traditional architecture and provide a foundation for further work to establish and improve the system of protection historic buildings. At the same time, provide the references for the modern architecture design studies.

闽南传统建筑及其施工做法极富地方特色且自成体系，匠师们所掌握的各种技艺是营造这些建筑的技术关键，也是研究文化遗产的基本内容。但是现代经济建设的快速发展使传统营造技艺失去了原有的生存土壤和社会环境，面临着逐渐流失的严重威胁。本课题拟通过访谈闽南地区传统建筑营造匠师并长期现场跟踪记录传统建筑施工过程，立足于匠作体系全面考察与闽南传统建筑相关的营造技艺，主要针对工匠传统、施工程序和技术操作等信息做出系统分析，并与现代工程体系下的相关内容进行比对研究，进而提出对闽南传统建筑营造技艺的保护策略，以期为闽南地区的非物质文化遗产和传统建筑文化遗产的保护提供依据，填补闽南传统建筑营造技艺研究的空白，为进一步建立和完善我国历史建筑保护体系提供工作基础，同时为现代建筑设计研究提供参照。

本研究从中国传统建筑的营造特点出发，通过访谈闽南传统建筑营造匠师、现场跟进并记录传统建筑施工过程和实地调研实物遗存等手段，综合运用跨学科的研究方法，对闽南传统建筑各个工种的营造技艺进行抢救性的记录与研究，总结当前修缮施工和技艺传承中存在的问题，在工匠传统、施工程序、技术操作、遗产保护等方面完成了主要的研究内容。同时，在梳理吸收已有研究成果、访谈各工种匠师、动态记录营造技艺、收集传统营造术语、横向比较实物遗存、挖掘传统建筑营造智慧、理论与工程实践相结合等多个方面，取得了研究进展和相关成果，推进了对闽南传统建筑及其营造技艺的整体认知。项目研究成果可以为闽南传统建筑相关研究和遗产保护提供依据，为传统建筑修缮以及当代新闽南风格的建筑设计等提供参照。