我国非常规油气开发的环境污染源辨识、评估及其信息共享策略研究

In order to avoid the "governance after pollution" situation and achieve the clean development of unconventional oil and gas in China, this project studies the problem of establishing multi-party information sharing platform in view of the lack of timely environmental pollution data interaction between different participants, deliberately conceal and other issues. Through the actual investigation, the typical event analysis and other methods, this project identifies the pollution sources from the whole link of the unconventional oil and gas development (refers to "geophysical - drilling - logging - fracturing - harvesting"), analyzes the specific forms of environmental pollution caused by the pollution sources and their inner influential mechanisms, and discovers the causing reasons of the pollutions from various aspects such as geology, technology, human, management and so on. Under the framework of the new environmental protection law, this project decomposes the rights and responsibilities of the environmental protection of all participants in the development of unconventional oil and gas, and gives the right-responsibility list of each participant in each development link. Based on the above works, this project constructs an environmental pollution evaluation index system of unconventional oil and gas development, conducts third-party evaluation on the fulfillment of environmental responsibility of development enterprises by multi-source information fusion method, and studies the issues of the reporting information screening by deep Machine Learning method and the scientific diagnosis and disposal of the sudden pollution incidents by Bayesian Network technology. Finally, this project builds a multi-party information sharing platform for the clean development of the unconventional oil and gas and carries out the researches on the corresponding guaranteed systems, mechanisms and the emergency management theories, which helps to realize the functions of information sharing and environmental responsibility supervision and form a new situation of "government guidance, enterprise participation, public supervision" in the field of unconventional oil and gas development.

为规避“先污染、后治理”实现我国非常规油气清洁开发，鉴于行业不同参与主体间环境污染数据交互不及时、故意隐瞒等问题，本项目以多方信息共享平台建设为着力点，通过实际调研、典型事件分析等方法，基于“物探-钻井-测井-压裂-采收”全流程识别非常规油气开发污染源、诱发环境污染的具体形态和作用机理，给出污染源受地质、技术、人为、管理等因素影响的具体成因；基于“新环保法”进行全流程各参与主体的权责目标分解，给出不同参与主体的环境污染权责清单、保护落实细则等；构建非常规油气开发环境污染评价指标体系，以多源信息融合开展开发企业环保履责第三方评估，通过深度机器学习、贝叶斯网络等方法，研究污染事件举报信息真伪甄别、突发性污染事件诊断和科学处置等问题；构建非常规油气清洁开发多方信息共享平台，进行体制、机制以及应急管理创新研究，实现非常规油气开发“政府搭台、企业参与、公众监督”的信息共享与环保履责监管。

研究背景：本项目聚焦非常规油气环境友好开发利用环境污染事件、诱发因素、影响效应等数据信息的知识挖掘和政府治理问题。研究内容：围绕非常规油气“物探-钻井-测井（完井）-压裂-采气”开发全流程的污染源识别、信息共享等现实问题，探究非常规油气开发环境污染风险的形成机理和管控优化问题。重点解决：（1）非常规油气开发全流程的污染源辨识及其影响效应；（2）非常规油气开发全流程的不同参与主体环保权责格局；（3）非常规油气清洁开发多方信息共享平台搭建；（4）非常规油气清洁开发多方信息共享与保障机制。重要结果：利用文本挖掘等大数据技术追根溯源，澄清了违规事故污染物的具体形态、发生地点、产生路径和影响程度等联系规律；发现非常规油气开发全流程参与主体环境污染执行监管盲区和数据库建设等弊端；提出构建“政府-企业-公众”共同参与环境污染治理新模式。关键数据：本课题利用1年半时间多渠道深度实际调研，获得很少污染信息无法进行研究，依据美国宾夕法尼亚州环境保护部公开数据库，人工获得2001到2019年145123项非常规油气违规样本作为研究数据。科学意义：（1）有助于将非常规油气开发产生的大气污染、水污染和地表土壤等纳入环境监测污染信息披露，提升油气开发环境污染防治水平；（2）有利于理清非常规油气开发承包公司的环境保护权责清单，践行“新环保法”实现非常规油气环境友好开发；（3）有助构建非常规油气开发环境污染多方信息共享平台，促进环保监测、履行职责和保障体系建设。研究成果：团队围绕研究内容共取得7类型研究成果：形成专家建言并获得省部级及其以上批示5份；非常规油气开发3家企业推广应用并多次讲座；出版学术专著1部；发表高质量学术论文7篇（SSCI、SCI论文5篇、CSSCI、CSCD论文2篇）；完成人才培养9人，博士学位论文1篇,硕士学位论文6篇；参加学术会议30余次；获得2项科研成果奖励等，整体达到计划目标。