ERP系统影响企业市场敏捷性的机理研究：基于模块化理论

It has become a necessity for firms to pursue agility in the dynamic market nowadays. Meanwhile, commercial ERP systems have gained the attention of many firms. However, the research is still not clear about whether or not ERP systems can improve firm agility. Different researchers have claimed opposite opinions about this question. This research suggests that there is a weakness in previous studies－they usually focus on the agility of a single firm, instead of a firm in the context of a supply chain. The competition today is not only between firms, but more between supply chains. Thus, we should examine firm agility in the context of a supply chain. From the supply chain perspective and based on the modularity view, this research attempts to empirically test the impact of commercial ERP systems on supply chain collaboration innovation, and further on firm market agility. We also study the boundary conditions for these ERP impacts. This research mainly has three contributions. First, unlike previous research that focuses on a single firm, we study the firm agility in the context of supply chains and help to resolve the inconsistence in the literature. Second, we apply the modularity view creatively in the analysis of supply chain processes in order to explain the impact of ERP systems on supply chain collaboration innovation. Finally, we identify the mediation role of supply chain collaboration innovation in the impact of ERP systems on market agility.

在当前复杂多变的市场环境下，敏捷性已成为企业的一个追求目标。与此同时，商业ERP系统也日益受到企业的重视。然而对于ERP系统能否促进企业敏捷性这个问题，学术界仍众说纷纭相互矛盾。本课题认为以往研究的一个不足是它们将研究局限于单个企业，而没有把企业放在供应链的背景下进行探讨。当前市场的竞争已不再是单个企业间的竞争，供应链之间的竞争已变得日益重要，因而研究敏捷性也必须考虑整个供应链支持下的企业敏捷性。因此，基于供应链的视角与模块化理论，本课题试图通过实证分析来揭示商业ERP系统影响供应链协作创新、进而影响企业市场敏捷性的机理，并探讨产生这种影响的边界条件。本课题主要有三点创新：突破以往的企业视角，从供应链的视角为解决现有研究中的冲突提供新思路；创新性地将模块化理论应用于供应链流程分析，以揭示ERP系统影响供应链协作创新的机理；明确供应链协作创新在ERP系统影响市场敏捷性过程中的中介作用。

在当前复杂多变的市场环境下，敏捷性已成为企业的一个追求目标。与此同时，随着技术的发展，信息技术（IT）也变得越来越标准化，比如商业ERP和云计算越来越流行。IT的标准化会如何影响企业的敏捷性？现有研究并没有一个定论。本课题认为应该区分两个层面的敏捷性，即流程层面的敏捷性和战略层面的敏捷性。虽然标准化IT会限制流程层面的敏捷性，但同时也会提升企业战略层面的敏捷性。通过三个不同的研究，即ERP如何影响企业供应链协作创新，标准IT如何影响企业结构敏捷性（外包），以及云计算如何影响企业间合作敏捷性，我们发现标准化IT确实会提升企业战略层面的敏捷性。目前的市场竞争已从单个企业的竞争演化为基于供应链、企业网络和企业生态的竞争，所以标准化IT使能的企业战略层面的敏捷性（包括供应链协作创新、企业结构敏捷性以及企业间合作敏捷性）变得尤为重要。我们的研究结果对企业有重要的启示，企业在采纳标准化IT时不应只看到IT带来的流程层面的固化，更应该看到标准化IT带来的战略敏捷性。