高效率多波段抗干扰天线技术研究

Current the radio frequency spectrum stuffs all the human living space. The interference between various electric equipment are more and more serious, especially for a small platform. Solve the interference problem becomes all types of electronic equipment necessary to do the work. The filter was commonly applied in the system design for iso-frequency interference. This method has two major drawbacks: first, the weight, volume and number of equipment are increased. Second, the filter's insertion loss will affect the system performance, especially for high rejection. Therefor, it is significant to develop the high efficiency antenna with AI characteristics. Firstly, the equivalent network is synthesized and optimized with the selected filter, antenna, feed, and defected ground equivalent circuits, to realize the printed antenna's AI function. Then we improve the high efficiency metal cavity antennas with the method of merging the design processes of the filter cavities and the radiating slots into one, achieving high efficiency AI antennas. The AI antennas used in the 2-D active phased array will be minimized based on multi-layer boards, vertical connect and conventional antenna minimization technologies. Finally, the high efficiency, broadband and AI antennas are applied in some actual systems, such as multi-band co-aperture antenna array and multi antennas operating on a small platform, resolving the problem of interference and simplifying the system. This may provide the key technical support for future complicated and multi EM systems.

当前电磁频谱充斥整个人类活动空间并越来越拥挤，各电子设备干扰越来越严重，尤其是在狭小平台上问题更为突出，解决干扰问题成为各类电子设备必需做的工作。抗异频干扰常规方法是外加滤波器，该方法有两大缺陷：一、增加设备量，影响系统体积、重量和成本；二、滤波器附加损耗影响系统指标，在高抑制度情况下尤为如此。因此，开发具有带阻特性的高效率天线意义重大。本项目首先提出基于滤波器、天线、馈电、缺陷地等微波元部件等效电路融合设计的方法，实现印制电路天线的滤波功能；在此基础上，针对高效率金属腔体类天线，引入滤波腔体与辐射缝融合设计，解决滤波问题；进一步地，基于天线小型化、电路叠层设计和垂直互联等技术，实现抗干扰天线小型化；最后，将新技术应用于诸如多波段共口径天线、小平台多天线等情况，实现互相之间射频干扰抑制，为未来空间拥挤、频谱密集的多电磁系统提供关键技术支撑。

当前电磁波充斥整个地球空间并越来越拥挤，各电子设备干扰越来越严重，尤其是在狭小平台上问题更为突出，解决干扰问题是各类电子设备必做工作。抗干扰常规方法是外加滤波器，存在两大缺陷：一、增加设备量，影响系统体积、重量和成本；二、滤波器附加损耗影响系统指标，在高抑制度情况下尤为如此。因此，开发具有带阻特性的高效率天线意义重大。经过本项目四年资助，完成研究内容总结如下：.第一、完成了应用于阵列天线的介质基抗干扰天线技术研究，基于多频实数-实数阻抗变换方法的滤波天线匹配技术、多模式谐振器的结构紧凑五传输零点的宽带带阻滤波器、结构紧凑多频/宽带功率分配/合路器研究，以及介质基超表面加载波导滤波天线研究，实现了天线干扰抑制能力。.第二、完成了高效率金属腔体类抗干扰天线技术研究，针对高效率缝隙波导天线抗干扰能力挖掘，提出了具有滤波功能的矩形波导缝隙天线、脊形栅波导缝隙天线、超材料表面单腔金属波导天线、多波段抗干扰滤波天线以及宽带双极化波导滤波天线等创新设计，实现了滤波天线的高效率。.第三、完成了抗干扰天线小型化技术研究，设计了宽频带圆极化天线、超宽带双极化强耦合阵列天线和单元级滤波天线，满足应用于宽角扫描阵列或多波段共口径情况下的小型化需求。.第四、完成了抗干扰天线应用与验证研究，研制应用于星载多波段多极化合成孔径雷达C/L波段共口径天线阵，实现带间和极化之间干扰抑制；设计了两种适应于小型直升机平台的低剖面宽波束圆极化天线；研究了无人机群组阵，解决低频阵列天线波束灵活性、高机动性及增益扩展性。.本项目研究成果共计发表期刊论文23篇，其中IEEE Trans. on AP 5篇，IEEE Trans. on MTT 2篇，IEEE Trans. T-CS II 1篇，IEEE AWPL 8篇，EL 1篇, IEEE Access2篇；国内核心期刊(EI)4篇。国际会议11篇，国内学术会议7篇。授权国家发明专利4项。培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生5名。.本项目研究成果也获得了国内同行广泛关注，如受邀亚太微波会议(APMC)和天线年会作口头报告。