创业拼凑、商业模式创新与家庭农场创业绩效关系研究

This project study explores the growth of the family farm in the perspective of entrepreneurship, focus on the efficient way of transformation of the entrepreneurial bricolage. We try to figure out how the transformation promotes the business model innovation, and affects the entrepreneurial performance of the family farm. Centering on the construct “the business model innovation (the exploitation and exploration)”, we use two kinds of the environment conditions (stable and dynamic) as the regulator factors and then carry out the empirical study on four main issues. . (1) Building on the behavioral learning theory and human capital theory, we start the study of the entrepreneurial bricolage of the family farmer and then use the entrepreneurial learning as the mediator/moderator, through which we found the mechanism that contributes to the business model innovation.. (2) Based on the two dimensional behavior of the business model innovation, this research reveals the mediation mechanism between the entrepreneurial bricolage and the entrepreneurial performance. In addition, the research further illustrates the mechanism between the business model innovation (the exploitation and exploration) and the entrepreneurial performance under the two kinds of the environmental conditions we mention above.. (3) Referring the social cognitive theory, we use the entrepreneurial self-efficacy as the starting point, and explore the three-dimensional interaction among the business model innovation, the environmental conditions, and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy which further explain the complicated rules derived from the entrepreneurial performance.. (4) Through longitude analysis, our study tracked the dynamic process: the entrepreneurial bricolage - the business model innovation - the entrepreneurial performance, revealing various influence approaches of different factors. Finally, our research proposes some advice about promoting the entrepreneurial behavior of the family farmer on the government policy and the entrepreneurial education.

本项目基于创业视角研究家庭农场的成长性，紧扣“创业拼凑如何有效促进商业模式创新，并影响家庭农场创业绩效”这一主线，围绕商业模式创新（应用型和探索型）这一核心概念，以两种环境（稳态与动态）为调节点，开展实证研究：（1）借鉴行为学习理论和人力资本理论，以家庭农场主的创业拼凑为切入点，以创业学习为中介/调节点，提出促进商业模式创新的机制；（2）借鉴商业模式创新的二维行为，揭示创业拼凑与家庭农场创业绩效之间的中介机制，阐释应用型和探索型商业模式创新在两种环境下与创业绩效的关联机制；（3）借鉴社会认知理论，以创业自我效能感为切入点，探索其与环境条件及商业模式创新之间存在的三位交互作用，进一步解释创业绩效产生的复杂规律；（4）借助纵向分析手段，追踪“创业拼凑—商业模式创新—家庭农场创业绩效”的动态过程，揭示各种因素之间的不同影响途径及方式；最后，在政府政策和创业教育方面提出促进家庭农场成长的相关建议。

自2013年中央1号文件提出鼓励农民创办家庭农场以来，特别是2017年乡村振兴战略提出以后，地方政府不断创新扶持政策，以推动家庭农场快速成长。但在政策仍然滞后条件下，大多数资源禀赋较弱的家庭农场仍面临严重的创业资源与制度环境约束，未能适时创新商业模式从而错失更多的机会，进而制约了家庭农场的生存与成长。因此，农场主如何整合资源突破资源限制推进商业模式创新对促进家庭农场成长至关重要，而在这一过程中，创业学习与创业自我效能感也扮演了重要角色。本项目结合人力资本理论、行为学习理论、社会认知理论等，基于164家深度访谈的家庭农场样本和882份调查问卷，构建了农场创业拼凑的影响因素综合模型，深入探讨了创业拼凑、商业模式创新对农场创业绩效的影响机制，还提出了家庭农场创业绩效提升的传导机制的理论模型。重要结果如下：（1）家庭农场创业拼凑的影响因素包括农场主资源禀赋、农场构成、农业行业状况、国家制度环境，但对创业拼凑的驱动作用并不一致。（2）创业拼凑有助于促进家庭农场创业绩效的提升，商业模式创新、创业学习、创业能力有助于促进创业拼凑转化为农场创业绩效，而创业自我效能感水平越低，农场主越能通过创业拼凑促进商业模式创新进而提升农场创业绩效。（3）从个体层面（先前经验、创业自我效能感、创业承诺）、组织层面（商业模式创新、创业示范、创业导向）、产业层面（集群化成长）以及政策制度层面构建了公司型家庭农场创业绩效提升的传导机制的理论模型。（4）总体而言，应对资源与制度环境约束实现家庭农场可持续成长的有效路径应努力提升农场主创业者特质不断创造性整合资源推进商业模式创新、完善农场创业生态系统以提升组织合法性基础、推动政府行为规范化并努力构建创业型政府。本项目不仅构建了家庭农场竞争优势的分析框架，丰富了创业拼凑、商业模式创新等创业理论，而且还能有效解释和指导中国农民创业活动，提升中国制度政策的针对性和实用性。