抗生素菌渣堆肥中抗生素残留对氨氧化微生物菌群的生态毒性效应研究-以青霉素菌渣堆肥为例

The antibiotic bacterial residue belongs to hazard solid waste during the production process of antibiotic enterprises. Because of its difficulty to treat and high yield, it brings a big challenge to environmental protection in our country. The technology of composting is a safe and easy method for treatment and disposal of antibiotic bacterial residue, and it will be widely used in the future. Effects of antibiotic eco-toxicological on microbial flora of compost is the key problem of antibiotic bacterial residue composting process need to be resolved. Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms play a significant roles in affecting the fate and behavior of N in compost. But there are no related research on the eco-toxicological effects of antibiotic on the diversity and abundance of the ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms during composting. In this study, penicillin bacterial residues represented by batch test and small scale composting, using molecular biology techniques, investigating the diversity and population dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms during the penicillin bacterial residues composting processes. The relationship between the physical and chemical indicators of changes in the nitrogen cycle and degradation of the dynamic changes of penicillin in the penicillin bacterial residues composting processes was analyzed. The objective of this study was to reveal the eco-toxicological effects of penicillin on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms during the penicillin bacterial residues composting processes.

抗生素菌渣是抗生素生产过程中的工业危险废物，由于其产量大、处理难等问题给我国的环境保护工作带来严峻的挑战。抗生素菌渣堆肥化由于易操作、无害化且具有较好的经济效益，是未来解决大宗抗生素菌渣处置问题的最有效途径之一。抗生素菌渣中的抗生素残留对堆肥中微生物菌群的生态毒性效应影响是抗生素菌渣堆肥化过程中急需解决的关键问题。作为堆肥过程中氮循环的限速菌群-氨氨氧化菌群，目前有关抗生素对其生态毒理效应导致的多样性及群落结构演变影响尚不清楚。因此，本课题以青霉素菌渣为代表，通过好氧堆肥和经典摇瓶培养实验，利用分子生物学技术，明确青霉素菌渣堆肥中氨氧化微生物多样性及群落结构演变过程，筛选靶标种群。同时分析青霉素菌渣堆肥过程中氮循环相关理化指标变化与青霉素残留在菌渣堆肥中降解动态变化之间的拟合度关系，全面阐释青霉素对菌渣堆肥中氨氧化微生物菌群的生态毒理效应，为青霉素菌渣堆肥的资源化利用提供理论依据。

抗生素菌渣是抗生素生产过程中的工业危险废物，由于其产量大、处理难等问题给我国的环境保护工作带来严峻的挑战。抗生素菌渣堆肥化由于易操作、无害化且具有较好的经济效益，是未来解决大宗抗生素菌渣处置问题的最有效途径之一。抗生素菌渣中的抗生素残留对堆肥中微生物菌群的生态毒性效应影响是抗生素菌渣堆肥化过程中急需解决的关键问题。作为堆肥过程中氮循环的限速菌群-氨氨氧化菌群，目前有关抗生素对其生态毒理效应导致的多样性及群落结构演变影响尚不清楚。因此，本课题以青霉素菌渣为代表，通过好氧堆肥和经典摇瓶培养实验，利用分子生物学技术，明确青霉素菌渣堆肥中氨氧化微生物多样性及群落结构演变过程，筛选靶标种群。同时分析青霉素菌渣堆肥过程中氮循环相关理化指标变化与青霉素残留在菌渣堆肥中降解动态变化之间的拟合度关系，全面阐释青霉素对菌渣堆肥中氨氧化微生物菌群的生态毒理效应，为青霉素菌渣堆肥的资源化利用提供理论依据。