善有善报？道德行为影响伦理型领导的过程机制及边界条件

The moral behavior of any enterprise leader is important to the interests of its employees and the fate of the organization. However, many empirical studies are only focus on exploring the possible impact of ethical leadership on employees and organizations. Few studies have examined the impact of leaders' practical moral behaviors on leaders themselves. In addition to study the influence of ethical behavior to the followers and the organization, one question worthy of discussion is what is the influence of ethical leadership on the leader itself? As a Chinese old saying "A gentleman is glad to be a gentleman and a villain is in vain to be a villain", what is the intrinsic motivation of ethical leadership to behave morally? Based on the Affective Events Theory and broaden and build theory of positive emotions, this study proposes that ethical behavior can promote the positive individual development of leaders through positive moral emotion. At the same time, the positive influence of moral behavior on the ethical leaders may be moderated by the personality traits of the leader and the characteristics of the organizational environment. This study suggests that Machiavelli's personality, moral identity and organizational politics perception may play the moderating roles. This study is not only conducive to the deepening of the leadership theory, but also helps to cultivate ethical leadership and attract more leaders to participate in moral practice.

企业领导者的道德行为关系到员工的利益和企业的生死存亡。但是大量的实证研究都是关注伦理型领导的道德行为对员工以及组织的好处，目前几乎没有研究考察领导者实践道德行为对领导者自身有什么影响？一个值得探讨的问题是伦理型领导的道德行为除了影响其他员工外，对领导者本身还有什么影响？“君子乐得做君子，小人枉自做小人。”激励伦理型领导持续表现出道德行为的内在动力在哪里？本研究从情感事件理论和积极情绪的扩建理论出发，认为伦理型领导在日常工作中表现出来的道德行为可以通过积极道德情绪促进领导者本身积极的个体发展。同时，道德行为对伦理型领导自身的这种积极影响可能受到领导者自身人格特质以及组织环境特征的调整。本研究认为个体层面的马基雅维利主义人格、道德自我认同因素，以及组织层面的组织政治知觉因素都可能起调节作用。本研究不仅有利于领导理论的深入，也有助于对伦理型领导培养，吸引更多的领导参与道德实践。

伦理型领导是近年来组织行为学研究的热点，以往研究已经证明伦理领导行为对下属以及组织整体的积极影响，但是却忽视了其领导者本身的影响。一个值得探讨的问题是伦理型领导的道德行为除了影响其他员工外，对领导者本身还有什么影响？“君子乐得做君子，小人枉自做小人。”激励伦理型领导持续表现出道德行为的内在动力在哪里？本研究从情感事件理论和积极情绪的扩建理论出发，采用情景实验及多时点的领导与下属匹配数据，探索组织中的伦理领导行为对领导者自身情绪及绩效的影响。实证结果发现伦理型领导在日常工作中表现出来的道德行为可以通过积极道德情绪不仅能提高管理者的角色内绩效及下属感知的管理效能，还能提高管理者感受到的积极情绪，降低他们感受到的消极情绪。而且道德行为对伦理型领导自身的这种积极影响可能受到领导者核心自我评价的调节作用。本研究不仅有利于领导理论的深入，也有助于对伦理型领导培养，吸引更多的领导参与道德实践。