生物质气内燃发电机组全工况建模与随机优化控制策略研究

Recently, biomass power generation has become one of the important approach to solve the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, the disturbance of the biogas components and the variation of the power output have the characteristics of strong coupling and stochasticity, which results in great difficulties of principles analysis of influence, dynamic model establishment, and performance optimal control, have serious restrict to improve the power quality, generating efficiency and emissions performance of the biogas internal combustion generator units. Therefore, it is urgent to establish new theory to resolve it. At first, the combined effect fundamental principles of the biogas components and the torque requirements for the performances of the biogas internal combustion generator units are analysed. Secondly, the physics/Map dynamic model of the biogas internal combustion generator units under overall operating conditions is established. Then, the birandom optimization control strategy with consideration of the stochasticity of the biogas components and the torque requirements is developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the new theory and approaches will be illustrated by the numerical simulation and experimental platform. This research not only makes great sense in paving the way to improve the power quality, generating efficiency and emissions performance of the biogas internal combustion generator units, but also promotes the development of theory and application of related subjects.

目前，生物质发电已成为解决能源短缺和环境污染问题的重要途径之一。然而，生物质气组分波动和功率输出变化具有强耦合性、随机性等特点，导致生物质气内燃发电机组影响机理分析、动态模型建立和性能优化控制极其困难，严重制约了其电能质量、发电效率和排放性的提高，有待于寻求新理论予以突破。本项目拟首先分析生物质气组分-扭矩需求对生物质气内燃发电机组性能的耦合影响机理，然后建立生物质气内燃发电机组全工况机理/Map模型，进而提出考虑生物质气组分和扭矩需求随机性的双重随机优化控制策略，最后通过数值仿真和试验平台予以验证。本项目有望为进一步提高生物质气内燃发电机组的电能质量、发电效率和排放性提供一条崭新途径，同时促进相关学科的理论和应用研究。

生物质能的高效低排利用是解决我国能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效途径之一。生物质发电具有高能源利用率、低排放的优势，是生物质能高效低排利用的主要手段。本项目围绕生物质气内燃发电机组全工况建模与随机优化控制策略展开研究，主要工作分为生物质气内燃发电机组高效低排技术研究、生物质气内燃发电机组关键零部件设计、生物质气内燃发电机组运行安全技术研发三部分。第一部分包括计及生物质气组分波动的空燃比控制问题、考虑缸内空气量和生物质气量估计误差的空燃比控制问题、离散随机非线性系统的鲁棒自适应控制及其在生物质气内燃发电机组中的应用、废气再循环系统随机调节控制器设计问题；第二部分包括电子节气门随机自适应开度跟踪问题及试验平台搭建、生物质气内燃机用燃气混合装置设计、生物质气内燃机用燃气喷嘴设计；第三部分包括带有冷却功能的发电机容纳机构研发、发电机用轴封装置研发、生物质气内燃机用连接缓冲装置研发。研究内容涉及生物质气内燃发电机组的影响机理分析、动态模型建立、控制策略设计、数值仿真及试验验证、关键零部件设计、运行安全技术研发。研究结果实现了生物质气内燃发电机组空燃比控制精度、热效率和运行安全性的提升，不仅提高了生物质气内燃发电机组的电能质量、发电效率和排放性，而且保障了其安全运行。以项目负责人为第一作者发表高水平学术论文11篇，其中SCI收录论文4篇；以项目负责人为第一发明人授权国家专利7项；以项目负责人为导师培养硕士研究生5名，已达到或超过研究计划要求。