云南甘薯长喙壳菌的寄主谱与传播途径研究

Ceratocystis fimbriata (Eillis & Halsted ) is an important invasive species in the world. The sweet potato black rot was introduced into China by Japan in 1937, and only 9 hosts have been reported in our country until now. As for the host range and trace the transmission of this fungus, has not been cleraed yet in China. Ceratocystis fimbriata is a fungal pathogen with a large and diverse host range which cause wilt, canker, xylem discoloration and rot of more than 30 plants（belonging to 16 families），and made a huge economical damage. On the basis of preliminary studies (applicant first discovered 8 new diseases inYunnan, and the pathogen may be introduced into China from the Brazil). Diseased samples were collected extensive and carried out morphology, pathogenicity, molecular identification; Cross inoculated with foreign and Chinese isolates; Systematic study the phylogeny and population genetic structure by application of SSR, Specific-species primer and ITS technology, so as to clear the host range, genetic diversity and origin of Ceratocystis fimbriata in our country. The results can be effectively developed for host quarantine and disease control measures, greatly reduced the risk of introduction new areas by these kind of pathogens; providing important reference for agriculture, forestry, food safety and international trade; while also adding new contents for invasive biology and plant quarantine science as well.

甘薯长喙壳菌 Ceratocystis fimbriata (Eillis & Halst）是世界上重要的入侵种，甘薯黑斑病于1937年由日本传入我国，目前我国报道的寄主仅9种。对该病菌在中国的寄主范围与传播途径尚未明确。该病菌引起广泛分布的16科30余种重要植物上的枯萎、溃疡、木材蓝变和腐烂，造成重大经济损失。本申请项目拟在前期研究的基础上（申请人首次在云南发现8个新病害，该病原可能由巴西传入我国）。广泛采集标本，进行形态、致病性、分子鉴定；同国外菌株交互接种；应用SSR、Specific-PCR、ITS技术系统研究甘薯长喙壳菌的群体遗传结构。探明或部分明确我国甘薯长喙壳菌的寄主范围、遗传多样性、起源与传播。该结果可针对寄主有效制定病害检疫与防治措施，有效减少这类病菌传入新地区的风险。为农业、森林、食品安全及国际贸易提供重要参考；同时亦为入侵生物学、植物检疫学的研究增添新的内容。

甘薯长喙壳菌 Ceratocystis fimbriata (Eillis & Halst）是世界上重要的入侵复合种，该病菌引起广泛分布的16科30余种重要植物上的枯萎、溃疡、木材蓝变和腐烂，造成重大经济损失。然而对该病菌在中国的寄主范围与传播途径尚未明确，因此我们在前期研究的基础上，广泛采集云南32种植物病害分离培养，经形态学、多基因鉴定，证实该类病菌在中国寄主范围广泛，发现众多新寄主，占我国已报到70%以上。且同一寄主上可存在两种以上长喙壳有性态真菌C. fimbriata、C. manginecans或C. changhui。首次发现同一寄主同时存在有性态和无性态的现象。注册Genebank登录号230条；明确了甘薯长喙壳菌在甘薯小象甲肠道内的定位。解剖获病甘薯小象甲成虫消化道，通过激光共聚焦显微镜定位标记绿色荧光蛋白的甘薯长喙壳菌，发现甘薯长喙壳菌进入甘薯小象甲体内的途径为：口器（取食）——前肠——中肠——后肠，且最后，甘薯长喙壳菌能够在甘薯小象甲的中肠内定殖。初步明确了甘薯小相甲传播甘薯黑斑病的途径。此外，还首次明确了甘薯长喙壳菌挥发性香气成分，发现并报道2个甘薯长喙壳菌的抗真菌活性及机理。以上结果可针对寄主有效制定病害检疫、病虫复合危害与防治措施，有效减少这类病菌传入新地区的风险。还特别为长喙壳菌挥发性气体作为新型绿色熏蒸剂的研究与应用提供了重要理论基础。亦为农业、森林、食品安全及国际贸易提供了重要参考。发表SCI论文12篇，累积影响因子54.64。博士2名、硕士（生）4名，3人次获云南省政府奖学金、2人次获校级一等奖学金、2人次获校级二等奖学金。圆满完成了项目目标。