城市雨水系统光滑粒子动力学模拟理论研究

Urban storm water management is the core of dealing with the increasingly frequent urban flooding disaster, and also one of the fundamental objectives of sponge city construction. At present, kinds of storm water system simulation software based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Rainstorm Management Model (SWMM), are the most widely used modeling tools at home and abroad, however, they are not well applied in storm water system modeling in China. The reason is that the model itself has the bottleneck problems of incoherent theory within module, complex modeling parameters, and the mesh-based solution method not suitable for large-scale high-dimensional computing. In this project, the hydraulic simulation theory of urban storm water system based on smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is studied by introducing the latest achievements of hydrodynamics. By defining the interaction between the fluid particles at different stages and the boundary of the solid wall, the model of whole process of the fluid particles in the process of the life cycle of the precipitation-runoff- convergence –conduit flow is built. With particle approximation and proper simplification of the Navier-Stokes equations, combined with GPU multi-core computing technology, the new built smooth particle hydrodynamic model of storm water system can be solved efficiently; finally, the reconstruction of storm water system hydrodynamic process theory is completed. And further through the development of computing kernel engine, new tools for the storm water system hydraulic simulation software will be available for the field test and practical cases to verify the application. The project aims to explore the establishment of a new model of urban storm water system simulation, which is to achieve a more complete description of its dynamic process, and more efficient and accurate simulation. The achievement of this project will provide more powerful theoretical and technical support for the storm water system planning and sponge city construction.

城市雨洪管理是解决频繁城市内涝灾害和海绵城市建设的核心内容。基于美国环保局暴雨管理模型内核开发的各类雨水系统模型，目前在国内外应用较广，但存在模块理论分割、建模参数复杂、求解方法不适于高维计算等瓶颈问题。本项目借鉴和引入流体动力学最新成果，研究建立基于光滑粒子流体动力学的城市雨水系统模拟理论。通过定义不同阶段的流体粒子与固壁边界的相互作用关系，实现以流体粒子在降水-产流-汇流-管道流生命周期的运动为核心的全过程统一建模；通过对Navier-Stokes方程的粒子近似和简化，结合GPU多核计算技术，实现对雨水系统光滑粒子流体动力学理论模型的高效求解；开发计算内核引擎，形成工具化的雨水系统水力模拟软件，并通过场地试验及实际案例进行应用验证。本项目旨在探索建立全新城市雨水系统模拟理论模型，实现对其动力学过程更为完整统一、高效精确的模拟，为雨水系统规划、海绵城市建设等提供更有力的理论和技术支撑。

城市雨洪管理是解决频繁城市内涝灾害和海绵城市建设的核心内容。基于美国环保局暴雨管理模型内核开发的各类雨水系统模型，目前在国内外应用较广，但存在模块理论分割、建模参数复杂、求解方法不适于高维计算等瓶颈问题。本项目借鉴和引入流体动力学最新成果，研究建立基于光滑粒子流体动力学的城市雨水系统模拟理论。通过本项目研究的开展，构建了基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法的城市地表降雨径流模型和城市雨水管道模型，实现了对降雨-径流-管网的城市雨水系统全过程解析；研究提出的无粒子区域添加初始粒子方法，可以有效补充初始流体粒子，计算精度更高，算例结果表明，流速模拟值的标准误差缩小了60%以上；研究首次在基于变质量光滑粒子流体动力学的降雨径流模型中支持了下渗过程，实现了模型中地表的“干-湿”状态转换，完整的支持了地表的产汇流过程；研究创新地对城市的建筑物、雨水口和复杂地表在模型中进行了转化，实现了对城市地表的降雨-径流过程进行模拟；研究对城市雨水管道的不同流态采用SPH方法进行模拟分析，并在此基础上首次在SPH算法中实现了多渠道汇流。整个研究成果构建了基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法的城市地表降雨径流模型和城市雨水管道模型，实现了对降雨-径流-管网的城市雨水系统全过程解析。上述方法的建立，丰富和完善了城市雨水系统的模拟分析方法，对于城市雨水系统运营维护，城市内涝防护具有积极的理论指导意义和良好的应用参考价值。本项目共发表论文9篇，申请发明专利3项，获得软件著作权1项；培养博士后2名（在站），培养博士研究生1名(毕业)，硕士研究生5名(其中毕业4名，在读1名)。