In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the level of gap junction protein connexin 36 (Cx36) remains low in the adult, confined to specific subsets of neurons. However, following neuronal injury such as ischemia, the coupling and expression of Cx36 rise. Further, until recently, the role of Cx36 in the neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia and its specific molecular mechanisms were not understood. The striatum is the major area of ischemic brain injury. Therefore, in the present study we investigate thoroughly the numbers of ischemic neuronal death, the level of Cx36 expression and phosphorylation by using photothrombotic focal cerebral ischemia in rat striatum combined with pharmacological blockade of Cx36 neuronal gap junctions, to determine the function of Cx36 activation during ischemic neuronal injury. More recently, it has been reported that Cx36 binds to and is phosphorylated by Ca/Calmodulin kinase II alpha (CaMKII), and CaMKII has been implicated in electrical synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that CaMKII control the injury-mediated increase and activation in Cx36. Hyposic experiment and CaMKII-activating Cx36 experiment in cultured neuronal cell lines in vitro, and several molecular biology techniques were taken, to clarify the molecular mechanism of upregulation and activation Cx36 expression in neuronal injury by ischemia. The present study would contribute to revealing organization principles of Cx36-based gap junctions in the striatum circuitry and potentially open up novel approaches for neuroprotection in the acute period following ischemic brain injury.
在成年哺乳动物的中枢神经系统中,缝隙连接蛋白Cx36维持在低水平并局限于特异类型神经元中表达,然而在缺血性神经元损伤时,Cx36的表达水平迅速升高。但迄今为止Cx36的活化在缺血诱导的神经元损伤中的具体作用和机制尚不清楚。纹状体是缺血性脑损伤的主要部位,本项目拟用脑缺血大鼠模型,以纹状体为靶点,结合应用Cx36阻断剂,检测缺血诱导的神经元死亡数量、Cx36表达和磷酸化水平,研究Cx36在缺血性神经元损伤中的具体功能。最近体外研究发现Cx36能够被CaMKII绑定并被其磷酸化,而CaMKII在活动依赖的电突触可塑性中起着关键作用。因此我们对Cx36作用机制的研究拟从CaMKII对Cx36的调控入手,通过体内缺血模型和体外CaMKII的激动实验及缺糖乏氧实验,采用分子生物学等手段,阐明缺血诱导的Cx36上调表达和活化的分子机制。本项目的实施将为缺血性神经元损伤的治疗提供新的靶点及理论依据。
在成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统中,缝隙连接蛋白Cx36是神经元电突触的关键连接蛋白。在脑组织损伤过程中,包含Cx36 的缝隙连接耦合对神经细胞死亡或存活起着重要作用。钙离子/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶II(CaMKII)在活动依赖的电突触可塑性中起着关键作用。为研究Cx36在缺血诱导的神经元损伤中的表达及作用,探索其上游调节因子,本项目选用PC12细胞通过氧糖剥夺法(OGD)建立体外脑缺血模型。应用分子生物学、免疫组织化学等技术检测OGD处理后PC12细胞活力和凋亡情况、Cx36在PC12细胞中的表达,以及OGD结合Cx36阻断剂MFQ或CaMKII 抑制剂KN93处理后Cx36和CaMKII的表达变化趋势。在此基础上通过体外和体内试验探讨中药活性成分益母草碱对脑缺血的神经保护作用。.结果显示,Cx36和CaMKII在PC12细胞中共定位,提供了两种蛋白相互作用的结构基础。PC12细胞经OGD处理后,细胞活力显著下降,细胞凋亡及Cx36和CaMKII表达水平显著增加。益母草碱预处理能够有效增强OGD诱导的PC12细胞活力,显著降低Cx36和pCaMKII/CaMKII表达。PC12细胞经OGD并结合MFQ或KN93预处理,均表现出与益母草碱处理相似的保护效果,并且Cx36的抑制能够减少pCaMKII表达以及pCaMKII/CaMKII的比率,而CaMKII的抑制同样能够减少Cx36的表达。研究结果提示,缺血诱导的神经元损伤中,Cx36/CaMKII起着关键作用,益母草碱发挥神经保护效应,可能靶向Cx36/CaMKII信号通路。此外,体内试验通过建立大鼠脑缺血模型,主要研究了脑缺血对大鼠行为及皮质神经元形态结构的影响,探索益母草碱对脑缺血损伤的保护作用。研究发现,缺血大鼠在旷场中探索活动减少,呈现焦虑样行为症状,脑组织多数神经元胞体肿胀破裂、有空泡形成、尼氏体减少或脱失,NeuN阳性细胞数量减少,GABA与GAD67表达上调。益母草碱预处理后大鼠行为学症状缓解,脑组织神经元损伤减轻,NeuN阳性细胞数量减少趋势亦得到缓解,GABA、GAD67表达水平显著升高。研究表明,益母草碱可改善脑缺血大鼠的焦虑状态,缓解脑组织病理损伤,其机制可能靶向抑制性神经元GABA递质。本研究结果揭示,益母草碱有潜力作为抵抗脑缺血诱导的神经元损伤的预防和治疗药物。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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