中国蚌科系统发育及分类整理

Freshwater mussels mainly distribute in East Asia and North America. Yangtze River basin is one of the most abundant distribution areas for freshwater mussels in East Asia. China has a long history of classification for Unionidae. Heude (1875-1886) described 140 species of Unionidae in the middle-lower basin of the Yangtze River, but due to the simple description or lack of some type specimens, many species were regarded as synonyms. Classification of Unionidae usually depends on the shell characteristics, however shell morphology has plasticity, this phenomena results in identification difficulties and phylogenetic relationship controversy for unionids species. With the application of molecular system method, some results have been achieved in Unionidae phylogeny and some new taxon were proposed. However, owing to the limited species and specimen involved in phylogeny studies for Unionidae, an acceptability phylogenetic relationship of Unionidae is still lack. These problems hinder the protection and utilization in Chinese mussels resources, and also retard the compilation of fauna of Unionidae in China. Phylogenetic relationship of Unionidae will be analyzed based on the mitochondrial genome sequence and the classification system of Unionidae will be reconstructed in this project. The multiple molecular marker of mitochondrial genes and nuclei gene will be used to test the validity and classification of some species of complex taxa. We will modify the Unionidae system and classify Chinese unionids.

东亚和北美是世界上淡水蚌类的集中分布区，中国长江流域是东亚蚌类的分布中心，物种丰富。中国蚌科分类历史久远。Heude（1875-1886）报道了中国长江中下游地区蚌科140种，但其描述的物种许多被作为同物异名。以往蚌科的分类多以贝壳形态特征为依据，但贝壳形态可塑性大，往往导致物种鉴定混乱，物种有效性存在争议。随着分子系统学方法的应用，发现蚌科许多属及属上单元系统发育关系不清楚，同时提出了一些新的分类单元。由于相关研究多为区域性种类，涉及物种数有限，所采用的分子标记亦不尽相同，所得结果不能清晰解析蚌科系统发育关系，属上单元分类争议不断，蚌科分类系统也众说纷纭。这些问题阻碍了我国蚌类资源保护和利用以及中国蚌科动物志的编写。本项研究采用线粒体基因组全序列分析，重构蚌科属上单元系统发育关系；综合线粒体基因和核基因分子标记，检视蚌科争议种属的有效性和分类位置；提出蚌科分类系统并对中国蚌科作分类整理。

中国长江流域是东亚蚌类的分布中心，物种丰富。中国蚌科记录物种超过140种，但许多基于贝壳形态描述的物种导致物种有效性的争议和分类位置的混乱，高阶元分类系统缺乏一致的意见。本项研究综合线粒体基因和核基因分子标记，以及形态学特征，围绕中国蚌科系统发育重构、蚌科若干物种有效性和分类位置等问题开展研究。测定了中国蚌科和珍珠蚌科21属34种蚌的F型和M型线粒体基因组。分析了34蚌类的形态特征及生活史特性。构建代表中国蚌超科27属的线粒体基因组数据集，重构了中国蚌超科系统发育，修正提出了中国蚌目分类系统，整理中国蚌目物种27属105种及分布，为重中国蚌目动物志编写打下坚实基础。研究成果在Zoologica Scripta，Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution，Aquatic Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst.,Malacologia等一、二区SCI杂志发表论文10篇，中文核心论文2篇。培养博士3人（2人目前均在高校从事贝类研究）、硕士研究生2人，为缓解我国淡水贝类分类人才缺乏作出了贡献。在国际合作方面，与美国北卡罗莱纳博物馆Bogan研究员，美国中密西根大学David教授，以及葡萄牙贝类学家Manuel教授合作完成论文4篇。