Protease inhibitors (PIs) are the member of combined antiretroviral therapy and are widely used in anti-HIV therapy. It is indicated that PIs can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which results in cellular autophagy, or in apoptosis and cell death in cases of overwhelming ER stress. The accumulation of misfolded proteins or abnormal fraction in neuronal cytoplasm caused by the dysfunction of autophagy is a common feature of various neurodegenerative diseases. HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders also belong to neurodegenerative diseases and the pathogenesis of this disease is associated with neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 viral particles, including envelope protein gp120, and inflammatory factors. Resently, gp120 was found to be able to induce autophagy in neuronal cells. In our preliminary experiment, we found that PIs could induce neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and glioma cell line U87 autophagy, and the cellular apoptosis occurred in case of high concentration of PIs. Therefore, in this study, we will use primary neural cell culture technology and gp120 transgenic mice and intend to in vivo and in vitro detect the regulatory role of PIs in gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis by autophagy pathway and analyse its potential mechanism by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry, for the purpose of supportion reasonable choice of anti-HIV therapy regimen in the central nervous system.
蛋白酶抑制剂(PIs)是联合抗反转录病毒治疗的重要成分之一。研究发现PIs可诱导内质网(ER)应激,而适度ER应激下细胞趋于自噬,过度ER应激则可导致细胞凋亡。自噬清理功能减弱所导致的神经元胞质中异常成分的堆积是各种神经退行性疾病的共同特征。HIV-1相关神经认知障碍也是神经退行性疾病,其发病机制与HIV-1包膜蛋白gp120等病毒颗粒和炎症因子释放所诱导的神经细胞凋亡有关。近期研究发现gp120也可诱导神经细胞自噬。我们预实验发现PIs能诱导神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y和胶质瘤细胞株U87细胞自噬,较高浓度可诱导两细胞株凋亡。由此,我们将通过原代神经细胞培养和神经组织特异的gp120转基因小鼠,利用电子显微镜、免疫荧光、蛋白印迹、免疫沉淀和流式细胞等技术体内外研究蛋白酶抑制剂通过自噬通路调控gp120诱导的神经细胞凋亡及其机制,为抗中枢HIV-1治疗方案的选择提供必要的依据。
广泛开展的抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)正在使得艾滋病由机会性感染为特征的免疫缺陷综合征转为慢性病。HIV-1相关神经认知障碍(HAND)是艾滋病相关慢性病的代表,成为艾滋病领域的国际研究热点。本研究针对艾滋病相关神经病变领域,依托神经自噬理论,基于神经细胞生物学技术和动物实验,探索HIV病毒本身(主要病毒功能包膜蛋白gp120)神经损伤,以及抗HIV药物对HIV-1相关神经病变的影响。研究发现HIV最重要的功能膜蛋白gp120可诱导神经细胞凋亡,并且这种作用呈时间浓度依赖性。同样,抗HIV药物NA和PI相关神经元凋亡/自噬呈剂量依赖性,高剂量诱导神经细胞凋亡,低剂量诱导神经细胞自噬。AIDS死亡病人脑组织尸检标本也可见自噬高表达。机制学研究方面可见低浓度gp120诱导p53表达和向核内移位,高浓度gp120诱导p53和ASPP2表达和向核内移位,p53和ASPP2在gp120相关神经细胞细胞凋亡及自噬调控中发挥重要作用。低剂量NA诱导神经细胞自噬调控与非p53基因介导的DRAM调控有关。基于p53基因缺失小鼠研究发现非p53基因介导的DRAM调控在NA诱导神经自噬中具有重要作用。基于gp120转基因小鼠发现gp120介导的神经细胞凋亡增加,抗HIV药物PI对gp120介导神经细胞自噬的负性作用,并且与p53基因调控相关。相关研究数据的取得表明HIV相关神经损伤有其特定的病毒感染原性,也有抗HIV治疗所带来的影响因素。其发病机制与传统神经退行性疾病的发病机制有共性也有差异的地方。当然,现有的研究数据同整个国际大环境一样,显得较为粗糙,还有许多有待深入的地方(比如神经免疫机制的研究等)。总之,结合我国社会老龄化,及早研究HAND发病机制对于打赢艾滋病防治的下一场防御战(由传染病转为慢性病的防御战)具有极其重要的意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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