公寓产权结构及其附属采光权的时空四维模型

3D cadastral technology, based on GIS 3D modeling theory and methodology, has been developed as a feasible solution to available management for the fast growing urban land use in the 3rd spatial dimension which has posed a severe challenge to the current two-dimensional or parcel-based cadastre technology. However, the current studies and implementations of 3D cadastre are focusing on the integral ownership of 3D property, overlooking the internal structure of the ownership and temporal-spatial representation of its attached rights, which has left a big technological bottleneck to precise management of 3D property with complex structure. Therefore, this study, taking dominated condominiums with more complex structure of ownership in all kind housing properties, will propose a four dimensional temporal-spatial model of 3D property focusing on the internal structure of ownership and the attached solar rights, by investigating the complex property structure and 3D physical construction of the ownership, and the ancillary rights attached to the physical counterparts in terms of temporal-spatial features. In this case study, both exclusive type of objects and shared type of objects will be inspected and their componential structure and spatial features will be scrutinized, the attached solar rights of condominiums will be resolved in both temporal and spatial means, and the temporal-spatial representation and calculation of the solar rights will be presented. The proposed 4D temporal-spatial model of condominiums will be implemented in the context of Chinese legal system, but under the theoretical framework of IOS-19152 LADM in order to be available and transportable for the wider adaptations. This proposed model would provide the solid theory and enable technology for the precise management of housing property, technically supporting the ongoing unified registration of immovable property in China.

基于GIS三维建模原理和技术，发展起来的三维地籍技术，突破了传统二维地籍技术管理三维产权体的技术瓶颈，为城市土地空间的立体化利用及管理，提供了行之有效的技术。然而，现有三维地籍模型与方法仅对三维产权体的整体产权的空间建模有效，忽视了剖析和表达三维产权内部结构的能力，缺乏有效技术对占房产主导地位、且产权结构复杂的公寓类产权进行精细化管理。为此，本项目通过分析公寓房产的产权结构、其建筑的物理空间构成和其附属权利的时空形态，研究公寓产权内部各种专有和共有权利空间的组成结构及其空间特征；同时,以公寓单元附属采光权为考察对象，研究采光权的时空结构、表达方式及其计算方法；以国际标准“土地管理域模型（LADM）”为基础、以中国相关法规为背景，构建具有通用性和精细结构的公寓产权四维时空模型，为进一步提升不动产在时空框架下精细管理的水平和推进统一登记技术的开发，提供坚实的理论基础和关键的实现技术。

此研究从技术上突破了传统二维地籍管理三维产权体的瓶颈，将LADM概念模型扩展到适应复杂三维产权内部结构的建模范围，以房产为主导地位，对产权结构复杂的公寓类进行精细化管理。利用LADM框架设计公寓产权时-空4维模型，研究公寓产权的法规对象和物理对象的信息结构，设计实现时空四维模型的数据结构。以CityGML作为几何对象，实现建筑的物理空间构成及其附属权利的时空形态，精细化表达公寓产权内专有权利空间和共有权利空间的组成结构和空间特征。对于附属权利采光权，重点探讨了采光权的计算方法和4维时-空表达方式。以中国法律法规为背景，构建的公寓产权结构及其附属采光权的时空4维模型，应用于产权纠纷和采光权纠纷案例，对模型进行了验证。实验表明，产权建模从产权空间延伸到4维空间内部结构，并添加附属采光权的时空表达。项目成果可以为提升不动产精细管理的水平和推进统一登记技术的开发，提供坚实的理论基础和关键的实现技术。