星面采样机构的设计、试验与服役关键技术研究

Interstellar soil sampling is a typical task in the field of deep space exploration, and the design and manufacture of the star surface sampling mechanism in our country are facing many challenges. In terms of design, the traditional design method is step-by-step serial single index design, which cannot consider the interaction between various factors at the same time, causing the product iterated modification difficult and prolonged period; in terms of test, the low gravity environment on extraterrestrial stars is difficult to simulate on ground, causing the test conditions different from the true condition on stars, and reducing the effectiveness of the test; in terms of service, facing unknown soil, the sampling mechanism should have the adaptive control ability, and can identify the state of star soil on orbit according to less information of telemetry data. The above three aspects are key factors impacting on the design, manufacture and service of the star sampling mechanism. This project is focus on the above problems. Multi field coupling modeling method including mechanics, electronics, thermodynamics and soil will be studied, and also multi scale calculation method accordingly, which aims to achieve integrative design of star surface sampling mechanism under multi index constraints. Stimulant lunar soils meeting with the mechanical properties under different gravity environments will be prepared to research low gravity equivalent method of on-ground sampling test and the influence of gravity on sampling process. Basic physical laws of sampling process in the less information will be researched by the lunar soil sampling tests on ground and the data mining technology. A universal identification model of star soil state will be deduced finally. The research results have important significance for the reliable design and manufacture of the star surface sampling mechanism and the improvement of the service performance.

星际土壤采样是深空探测领域的典型任务，我国星面采样机构的设计制造面临诸多挑战。设计方面，传统分步式单指标串行设计无法同时考虑各影响因素的相互制约关系，造成产品迭代修改困难及周期拖长；试验方面，地面难以模拟地外星体低重力环境，造成试验环境天地不一致，降低试验的有效性；服役方面，采样机构面对未知星壤环境应具备自适应控制能力，能够根据欠信息遥测数据进行在轨星壤状态辨识。以上三方面是影响星面采样机构设计、制造与服役的关键因素，本项目针对以上问题研究机电热土多场耦合建模及多尺度计算方法，实现星面采样机构在多指标约束下的一体化设计，制备满足不同重力环境下力学性质的模拟月壤，研究地面采样试验低重力等效方法及重力对采样过程的影响规律，通过月壤钻取地面试验及数据挖掘技术，在欠信息下研究采样过程基本物理规律，并推演出普适的星壤状态辨识模型。研究成果对星面采样机构可靠设计制造与提升服役性能具有重要意义。

地外星体土壤采样是深空探测领域的典型任务，我国星面采样机构的设计、试验与服役面临诸多挑战。设计方面，传统分步式单指标串行设计无法同时考虑各影响因素的相互制约关系，造成产品迭代修改困难及周期拖长。本项目提出了一体化设计思想，以月壤钻采机构为研究对象，建立机电热土多场耦合模型，搭建了耦合模型联合仿真平台，提出了一种云-边结合的高效仿真技术，通过动态分配计算机资源来提高仿真速度，针对不同模型在仿真中时间与空间上尺度不一致的情况，构造了一种多尺度的求解方法，使仿真计算过程在精度与速度上均能够得到保证。试验方面，由于星壤是典型的散体物质，在地面很难模拟其在低重力下的真实力学性质，进而造成试验环境的天地不一致性，降低试验的有效性。本项目提出了一种等效思路，星壤的力学性质最终体现在其与采样机构的相互作用上，因此以模拟月壤为研究对象，通过调整各环节参数，制备了不同性质的模拟月壤，探索模拟月壤制备流程中各关键因素对其力学性质的影响规律，以现有飞机抛物线法获得的数据作为参照，使其达到与月壤在不同重力下体现出的力学性质相近的效果，进而实现对低重力环境的等效。以离散元仿真进行对比，结果可为其他模拟星壤的制备提供理论支撑。服役方面，采样机构面对未知星壤环境应具备自适应控制能力，能够根据欠信息遥测数据进行在轨星壤状态辨识。辨识模型是通过采集的钻具力载信息反推当前土壤的力学性质，其基础是通过已知土壤力学性质正推钻具力载信息的负载模型。本项目首先以模拟月壤钻取为研究对象，通过大量试验明确了钻进参数、土壤密实度与钻具力载之间的关系，建立了半经验半解析的钻具负载模型，用于对不同土体力学性质的辨识。此外，又进行了不同温度与含水量的钻进试验，结果可为今后其他星球土壤采样机构设计提供依据。本项目针对影响星面采样机构设计、制造与服役的关键因素进行研究，所得成果对星面采样机构的可靠设计制造与服役性能提升具有重要意义。