Fragile X syndrome is a common clinical genetic mental retardation disorder. Exploration of the pathogenesis and drug therapy is an important topic to be resolved. Our previous studies using the FMR1 gene knockout mice, a models of fragile X syndrome, found that excessive secretion of the astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor-3 (NT-3) caused the abnormal cortical neurons dendritic development and synapse formation. The major reason might be that oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of NT-3 from astrocytes caused the dendritic and synaptic development disorder. However, the mechanisms are still unclear that lack of the FMR1 gene function leads to the increase of NT-3 secretion and high level of NT-3 causes neuronal developmental disorders. The present project aims to explore pathological mechanisms of excessive NT-3 underlying neuronal developmental disorders in the animal model of Fragile X syndrome by electrophysiological, molecular biological, pharmacological, and behavioral methods. It is the first time to clarify the molecular mechanisms of NT-3 regulating neuronal development of the Fragile X syndrome. It will be helpful to get insight into the pathological mechanisms of Fragile X syndrome and provide potential target and theoretical basis for the clinical treatment.
脆性X综合症为临床常见的遗传性智力低下症,探索其发病机制及药物治疗途径是社会和临床急需解决的一个重要课题。我们前期研究采用脆性X综合症动物模型FMR1基因敲除小鼠,发现皮层神经元树突发育和突触形成均出现障碍,而原因之一是由星形胶质细胞来源的神经营养因子-3(NT-3)分泌过多;高浓度的NT-3诱导氧化应激损伤可能是引起树突与突触发育障碍的主要原因。然而,FMR1基因功能缺失是如何引起NT-3分泌增加,过高的NT-3又是如何引起神经元发育障碍的分子机制仍不清楚。本项目以FMR1基因敲除小鼠为研究模型,从NT-3分泌异常入手,利用电生理、分子生物学、药理学和行为学等手段,首次探索NT-3与脆性X综合症病理机制的关系,以期阐明脆性X综合症NT-3调节神经元发育异常的分子机制。本研究对深入了解脆性X综合症的病理机制,发掘潜在的药物治疗新靶点具有重要意义,可望为临床治疗提供新的思路和理论依据。
脆性X综合症(FXS)为临床常见的遗传性智力低下症,探索其发病机制及药物治疗途径是社会和临床急需解决的一个重要课题。我们前期研究采用脆性X综合症动物模型FMR1基因敲除小鼠,发现皮层神经元树突发育和突触形成均出现障碍,而原因之一是由星形胶质细胞来源的神经营养因子-3(NT-3)分泌过多;高浓度的NT-3诱导氧化应激损伤可能是引起树突与突触发育障碍的主要原因。然而,FMR1基因功能缺失是如何引起NT-3分泌增加,过高的NT-3又是如何引起神经元发育障碍的分子机制仍不清楚。本项目支持下,我们发现,FXS小鼠星形胶质细胞来源的神经营养因子-3(NT-3)由于缺乏FMRP表达而显著升高,在体外实验中显著抑制神经元树突的发育。KO星形胶质细胞条件培养液(ACM)中因NT-3含量较高,可显著抑制WT和KO神经元树突发育。利用FMRP表达质粒转染星形胶质细胞诱导表达FMRP,可恢复KO神经元树突状形态和突触蛋白表达水平恢复。进一步的实验显示在KO ACM与FMR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶皮质中NT-3水平也显著升高。然而,神经生长因子(NGF)含量、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)含量正常。可能有多个RNA结合基序和参与转录调控。RNA结合蛋白的免疫共沉淀(RIP)显示NT-3的mRNA在WT星形胶质细胞中与FMRP相互作用。提示失去FMRP的翻译抑制,是引起NT-3表达增加的重要原因。高浓度的外源NT-3对培养基的加入降低了神经元的树突和突触蛋白水平,而这一作用可被NT-3中和抗体阻断。NT-3在KO的星形胶质细胞中的表达也可通过shRNA适度抑制。前额叶皮层注射NT-3 shRNA,抑制NT-3表达可恢复KO小鼠痕迹恐惧记忆的异常,检测发现此时前额叶皮质NT-3水平也显著减少。这项研究表明,过度星形胶质细胞NT-3分泌,导致神经元树突发育异常,而星形胶质细胞可以作为FXS潜在的治疗靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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