深长隧道高压大体量突水动力灾变演化机理及其分析方法研究

One of the problems faced by the national infrastructure construction such as transportation engineering and water resources and hydropower engineering are deep long tunnels especially the frequent occurrence of the disaster of large volume of sudden water inrush. Fundamental reason that the disaster is hard to control is that we are not clear about complex dynamic catastrophe mechanical mechanism and lack the effective analysis methods describing dynamic catastrophe evolution process of water inrush. Hence, it is hard to effectively forecast and alarm water inrush disaster. Granular flow numerical simulation, solid-liquid-gas coupling characteristic experiment, large scale physical model test and field measurement are made use of to investigate dynamic catastrophe evolution process during large volume of water inrush with high pressure from the point of view of disaster source(property)-water inrush channel(evolution process)- water isolution and mud resistance structure(dynamic damage). Filling characteristic and energy release mode of large volume deep disaster source with high pressure are investigated. The penetration instability evolution model of catastrophe body in water inrush channel is put forward. The analysis method describing multiphase mass mixing transfer and flow transition during sudden water inrush is established. The process description and evolution analysis that the transfer of filling medium from solid medium, plastic flow state to multiphase flow during the forming process of water inrush channel are realized. The criterion method that the instability start of disaster source, the transfer of catastrophe state and rupture water inrush of water isolution and mud resistance structure is formed. The forecasting and alarming accuracy of large volume water inrush with high pressure is improved. The achievements will be significant for prevention of great water damage in real projects.

深长隧道是水利水电、交通等国家基础设施工程建设的难点，尤其是高压大体量突水灾害频发，其难以遏制的根本原因在于对复杂动力灾变力学机制不清楚，缺乏有效描述突水动力灾变演化过程的分析方法，难以实现灾害的有效预测和预警。本项目采用颗粒流数值仿真、固-液-气耦合特性实验、大比尺相似模拟试验及现场测试等手段，从灾害源(性质)-突出通道(演化过程)- 隔水阻泥结构(破裂突水)角度，研究高压大体量突水动力灾变演化机理。揭示深部灾害源高压大体量充填特性与灾变模式，提出突出通道中灾变体的渗透失稳演化模型，建立可描述突水过程中多相物质混合迁移与流态转化的分析方法，实现突水通道形成过程中充填介质由固态-流塑态-多相流转化的过程描述与演化模拟，形成灾害源失稳启动、灾变体状态演化与隔水阻泥结构破裂突水的判别方法，提高高压大体量突水灾害预测预警的准确性，研究成果对于地下工程重大水害防治具有重要科学意义与工程实用价值。

本项目针对深长隧道复杂动力灾变力学机制不明导致的高压大体量突涌水灾害问题，采用室内试验、模型试验、数值模拟等多种手段对多相耦合作用下充填介质力学特性及渗透失稳机制、防突结构渐进破坏动力特性及突涌水通道演化机理、高压大体量突涌水灾害动力灾变演化过程模拟分析方法等进行了研究。.通过大量国内外突水突泥案例收集与整理，提出了突水突泥灾害发生的典型地质模式，揭示了四种典型突涌水灾害源的赋存特征。.通过充填型介质渗透失稳突水的三维数值模拟，得到了充填体内部位移场、应力场、渗流场的变化规律；研制了大比尺岩体及充填结构渗流-应力耦合三轴试验系统，通过充填结构内部介质渗透特性试验，揭示了不同类型隧道突涌水动力灾变演化机制，实现了充填结构失稳条件与演化模式的有效判定。开展了深长隧道充填充填介质渗透失稳突水机理及前兆的大比尺三维流-固耦合模型试验，通过岩溶管道充填物突水的全过程再现，揭示了充填物渗透突水的前兆信息和灾变演化机制。.通过建立的岩体含水裂纹扩展计算模型，分析了在钻爆施工条件下爆炸应力波对含水裂纹岩体扩展的影响，得到了能够合理反映在爆炸应力波、开挖扰动以及水压作用下裂隙岩体最小安全厚度计算公式。.通过室内试验研究，分析了防突结构破坏过程中相关物理量变化特征，得到了隔水岩体结构破裂过程中声发射、温度场、孔隙水压和视电阻率等信息的演化规律，根据各自破坏过程中前兆多元信息的演化规律，分析不同演化阶段多元信息特征，实现了临界特征点的判识。.采用近场动力学、PFC-CFD耦合的方法，提出了损伤岩体破坏突水的PD分析方法、断层突水突泥灾变动态演化的流固耦合模型，建立了两类典型突涌水灾变演化过程模拟分析方法。.建立了Darcy流和非Darcy流的统一PDE控制方程，针对揭露断层破碎带及岩溶管道型突涌水的瞬态过程，分析流动演化的时空效应，结合数值分析与涌水量预测解析公式，得到了涌水量动态变化规律，形成了突涌水隧道区域涌水量预测体系。