互联网环境下新创企业创业导向的生成机理及演化研究

Innovative entrepreneurial activity is the leading power which unlocks the new engine of economic growth, and promotes the strategic transformation of economy in China. Entrepreneurial orientation is a decision mode taking innovation driving as the core, and generating actively high-level entrepreneurial orientation of start-ups is the effective approach to solve sleepy innovative entrepreneurial activity in our country. However, there are a lack of systematic research on generation mechanism of entrepreneurial orientation and a lack of attention on unique of generation situation in current literature. .This study cut in from the prospective of entrepreneurial cognition, inspecting the generation and evolution of entrepreneurial orientation in star-ups among international network. Based on behavioral decision theory, cognitive psychological theories, regulatory focus theory, imprinting theory, and researches on entrepreneurial orientation, as well as meta analysis, case study, empirical study, and longitudinal study, this study clarifies the nature of entrepreneurial orientation, and describes the opportunity situation of entrepreneurial orientation among international network; analyzes the complicated influence of the base of entrepreneurial cognition, the mode of opportunity cognition, the characters of business opportunities and matching to entrepreneurial orientation, reveals the generation mechanism of entrepreneurial orientation in start-ups among international network; and extracts evolution mode of entrepreneurial orientation which matches the business opportunities among international networks in dynamic perspective. This study aims at promoting the development of entrepreneurial orientation theories, and at providing theoretical directions on innovative entrepreneurial activities for both start-ups and governance.

创新型创业活动是开启中国经济增长新引擎、加快中国经济战略转型的先导力量。创业导向是一种以创新驱动为核心的决策模式，促进新创企业高水平创业导向的生成，是解决当前我国创新型创业活动不足的有效途径。然而，现有研究对创业导向的生成机理缺乏系统研究，对生成情境的独特性关注不够。.本项目从创业认知层面切入，在互联网环境下审视新创企业创业导向的生成及演化问题。基于认知心理学理论、行为决策理论和创业导向等相关研究，综合运用元分析法、案例研究、实证研究和纵向研究等方法，阐明创业导向的本质，刻画互联网环境下创业导向生成的机会情境；剖析创业认知基础、机会认知模式、商业机会特征及其匹配关系对创业导向的复杂影响作用，揭示互联网环境下新创企业创业导向的生成机理；从动态视角提炼与互联网环境下商业机会特征相匹配的创业导向的演化模式。本项目旨在推进创业导向相关理论发展，并为新创企业和政府部门促进创新创业活动提供理论指导。

创业导向是一种以创新驱动为核心的决策模式，促进新创企业高水平创业导向与创新性创业决策的生成，是解决当前我国创新型创业活动不足的有效途径。然而，现有研究对创业导向的生成机理缺乏系统研究，对生成情境的独特性关注不够。本项目从创业认知层面切入，在互联网环境下审视新创企业创业导向的生成及演化问题。基于认知心理学理论、印记理论、社会网络和创业导向等相关研究，遵循“创业经验—机会认知—创业决策”的研究思路，综合运用案例研究、实证研究和演化博弈建模等方法，阐明创业导向的本质，在印记视角下剖析创业导向的生成过程；明晰了创业者及创业团队的认知特征对机会识别的影响作用；揭示了创业者先前经验和创业团队认知能力对新创企业创业导向及创业决策生成的推进机理和边界条件；提炼出互联网背景下高绩效新创企业创业导向的构成特征及演化路径；在此基础上，整合创业认知观与资源拼凑观，剖析从认知到决策再到创业绩效的转化路径。得到主要结论如下：（1）创业团队认知能力各个维度对创业决策的作用路径存在差异，创业效能感在机会识别与决策速度、机会识别与决策效果之间发挥正向调节作用；（2）创业者社会网络的弱关系和强关系均能通过直接和间接的方式对创业者的创新决策产生影响，机会创新性对这一影响发挥着不同程度的中介效应；（3）创业者先前经验广度与创业导向正相关，先前经验深度与创业导向负相关，同时机会创新性和行业竞争强度均能够调节创业者先前经验对创业导向的影响作用；（4）新兴互联网企业创业导向的构成具有动态性、关联性和成长性的演化特征，创业导向的演化过程受到行业竞争强度和企业关键成功要素的影响；（5）创业团队知识异质性的三个维度对创业绩效的影响存在显著差异，且创业团队认知复杂性和知识基础是影响团队知识异质性与创业绩效关系的重要边界条件；（6）新创企业的创业导向通过创业拼凑向成长绩效实现转化，且这种转化过程呈现迭代演进的特点。