基于市场导向的畜牧业标准化运行机理与绩效研究

With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard, the consumption proportion of animal food in total food increases continuously. People’s demand for animal products is transferring from quantity to quality gradually, and animal husbandry development in our country has entered into the phase of paying equal attention to quality and quantity. Although the animal husbandry has achieved quick development, it is facing market, resource, environment, cost, price, quality, benefit, disease, and many other constraints at the same time. Realizing standardization is the path to solve these limits for the sustainable development of animal husbandry, but its implementation is a systematic project. Therefore, it is an important subject to research how to actively guide animal husbandry standardization production and its operation mechanism and performance. With market as guide, this subject makes theoretical discussion and empirical study on the animal husbandry industry chain subject behavior, operation mechanism and performance from the double dimensional perspective of product quality and benefit, based on transaction cost theory, public goods theory, network externality theory and standard economics. The final results will have important theoretical value and practical significance on filling the blank of the research on animal husbandry standardization, improving the level of standardization of animal husbandry and the international competitiveness of animal products, and promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China.

随着人民生活水平的迅速提高，动物性食品消费占总食品消费的比例不断增加。人们对畜产品的需求逐步从数量需求转向质量需求，我国畜牧业发展进入质量与数量并重阶段。我国畜牧业在快速发展的同时，却面临着市场、资源、环境、成本、价格、质量、效益、疫病等诸多约束，破解限制我国畜牧业可持续发展的出路在于实现标准化，然而畜牧业标准化的实施是一项系统工程。因此，如何积极引导畜牧业标准化生产，研究其运行机理与绩效是一项重要课题。本课题主要基于交易费用、公共物品、网络外部性和标准经济学等理论，基于市场导向，从产品质量与效益双维视角，理论探讨并实证研究畜牧业产业链上各环节标准化实施主体行为、运行机理与绩效。其最终成果对填补我国畜牧业标准化研究的空白，提高我国畜牧业标准化水平和畜产品国际竞争力，促进我国畜牧业可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。

本课题基于市场导向研究了畜牧产业链优化，基于质量与效益提升研究了畜牧产业标准化，以生猪为例研究了良种繁育体系组织模式，从企业自有品牌和农产品地理标志品牌双重视角研究了肉类产品品牌化及其效应，基于经济与生态耦合研究了畜禽养殖废弃物治理机制，基于效益和质量提升研究了畜牧产业组织运行机制，从经济绩效、质量绩效和价格变动三个方面研究了我国肉羊产业市场绩效。本研究的基本结论是，市场导向的畜牧产业链优化主体行为主要表现在产品、技术与纵向协作模式创新，其优化会促使养殖场户走向规模化、标准化生产和更紧密的合作或一体化经营；畜牧业标准化需要形成多方主体利益联接机制，多方主体共同参与和关键环节协同发展会增大标准化的整体效应；畜禽良种化运行机制是多方主体利益博弈、长期协作以及多目标整合的结果；饲草料资源的科学配置是实现畜禽营养标准化的关键；规模效益、疫病风险是影响农户进行标准化生产的主要因素；屠宰加工标准化是提质增效的关键环节；规模化、标准化和产业化基础上的畜产品品牌化才能提高畜牧业的发展质量；畜禽养殖废弃物治理只有实现经济和生态的耦合才能走向可持续发展；构建科学有效的畜牧业经营体系和经营机制才能全面提升畜牧产业的市场绩效。本课题研究的结果有助于丰富和完善畜牧产业链、畜牧业标准化、畜产品市场营销、废弃物治理等畜牧经济管理理论，为养殖场户和畜牧业相关企业推进标准化生产和品牌化经营提供经验借鉴，为政府制定更加科学合理的畜牧业发展政策体系提供决策依据。