广义变色卧孔菌属和蜡孔菌属的系统学研究

Physisporinus sensu lato and Ceriporia sensu lato are two important groups of Basidiomycota, since they have very important ecological functions in forest ecosystem and applications in nature conservation. The traditional systematics of Physisporinus sensu lato and Ceriporia sensu lato is mainly based on the similar morphology and ecology of the species in both genera, but this systematics show neither the genetic relationships among the species in the two genera nor the relationships at generic or family level. Although some taxonomic reports (including phylogenetic studies) on Physisporinus sensu lato and Ceriporia sensu lato have been published both in China and other countries, the species diversity in the two genera is not well known. Plenty of species in the two genera are not yet described, and many known species lack molecular sequences. Phylogenetic analyses were in the light of a part of species and one or two gene sequences of the two genera, and a global systematics of Physisporinus sensu lato and Ceriporia sensu lato has never been studied. The aim of this project will focus systematics in accordance with phylogenetic analyses on samples worldwide, and the species diversity on Physisporinus sensu lato and Ceriporia sensu lato will be outlined. Genetic relationships within these two genera will be expounded, and relationships among Meripilaceae, Irpicaceae respectively including these two genera and other families in Polyporales will be discussed. These results will supply a contribution for a natural systematics of Polyporales.

广义变色卧孔菌属和蜡孔菌属是担子菌的重要类群，它们在森林生态系统物质循环和自然保护等领域具有重要生态学意义和应用价值。传统上这两属的分类系统基本是基于它们具有相似的形态特征和生态习性，该系统既没有反应出属内种类间的亲缘关系，也没有反应出属间及属上分类单元之间关系。虽然国内外对这两个属进行了一定的研究，包括分子系统学研究，但两属的多样性还没有被充分认识，诸多未知种类没有被描述，相当一部分种类缺乏DNA数据，系统发育分析也仅仅是基于这两属的部分种类和部分序列，目前还没有一个关于全球范围内广义变色卧孔菌属和蜡孔菌属的系统学研究。本研究将收集世界主要地区的上述两属的真菌样品，进而开展对它们在世界范围内的系统发育分析和分类学研究，提高对这两个类群多样性的认识，阐述这两个类群内种间的亲缘关系，探讨它们所属的皱孔菌科和囊耙齿菌科在多孔菌目中与其他科之间的关系，为建立多孔菌目自然的分类体系提供重要理论。

广义变色卧孔菌属和蜡孔菌属是担子菌的重要类群，它们在森林生态系统的物质循环和自然保护等领域具有重要的生态学意义和应用价值。本项研究完成了国外11个国家103号标本的借阅和研究，在马来西亚、斯里兰卡、芬兰和白俄罗斯采集81号标本，并在国内22个省份采集258号相关标本。通过对上述442个样品的形态学研究和DNA提取及多基因（ITS、LSU、mt-SSU、nu-SSU、TEF1、RPB1和RPB2）序列测定，开展了系统发育研究，研究结果发现变色卧孔菌属目前有36种，其中有序列的种类有31个，并发现和描述新种14个；发现蜡孔菌属目前有66种，其中有序列的种类有22个，并发现和描述新种14个；研究结果提高了对这两个类群多样性的认识，阐述这两个类群内种间的亲缘关系，探讨它们所属的皱孔菌科和囊耙齿菌科在多孔菌目中与其他科之间的关系，为建立多孔菌目自然的分类体系提供了重要理论基础。研究还建立了与变色卧孔菌属相关的新科1个、新属2个，发现其他木材腐朽真菌新种11个，新组合种8个。