侧风作用下高速铁路列车-桥梁系统气动耦合作用机理与安全控制方法研究

The aerodynamic detouring flow characteristics and coupling mechanism of train-bridge system under cross-wind is a prerequisite for the study of running safety of train on high-speed railway. Based on theoretical analysis, wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation, this project aims to research the above aerodynamic detouring flow characteristics and coupling mechanism. Firstly, three important aspects will be studied to reveal the aerodynamic coupling mechanism of train-bridge system under cross-wind, i.e. refined random wind field model of common and special local locations of hig-speed railway lines, developing wind tunnel test device to carry out model wind tunnel test and CFD numerical simulation of the static and dynamic aerodynamic detouring flow characteristics of some typical train-bridge systems, improving the previously established wind-train-track-bridge coupled dynamic model, respectively. Secondly, aerodynamic coupling mechanism of train-bridge system under some especial situations will be investigated, such as some sudden changed wind fields of bridge tower shielding, windshield erecting, etc. Lastly, some evaluation index to ensure operating safety of high-speed train under cross-wind will be put forward, at the same time, wind resistance standard and safe control method of high-speed train operation will be clarified. In addition, this project will attempt to conduct some preliminary research of the wind resistance evaluation for high-speed train operation on a basis of dynamic reliability theory. Expected results of this project have significant academic values and engineering practice benefits.

侧风作用下列车-桥梁系统气动绕流特性与耦合机理是桥上列车行车抗风安全性评价的重要前提。本项目结合理论分析、风洞试验和数值模拟，对侧风作用下列车-桥梁系统气动作用耦合机理和行车安全控制方法进行系统研究。通过改进移动列车-桥梁系统风洞试验装置，对典型列车、典型桥梁系统静动态气动绕流特性进行模型风洞试验和CFD数值模拟；发展风-车-线-桥耦合振动精细化模型，据此，揭示侧风作用下列车-桥梁系统气动作用耦合机理。然后，针对桥塔遮蔽等风场突变效应、以及设置风屏障情况下列车-桥梁气动作用耦合机理进行研究。最后，提出侧风作用下保证桥上高速列车安全运营的列车与桥梁评价指标限值标准，明确桥上高速列车行车抗风准则和安全控制方法。项目还尝试基于动力可靠度理论对高铁桥上列车行车抗风安全性进行评价。预期研究成果具有重要学术意义和实用价值。

本项目针对侧风作用下高速铁路列车-桥梁系统气动作用耦合机理与安全控制的基础性关键问题，采用理论分析、风洞试验和数值模拟的方法开展研究，主要研究成果包括：针对高速列车-典型桥梁系统静、动态气动绕流特性的风洞试验和CFD数值模拟，1）研制了移动列车模型试验系统，并开展一系列相关风洞试验研究；2）结合全桥与节段模型风洞试验，研究了大跨度桥梁钢桁梁主梁气动力与流场特性；3）研究了三维车-桥系统气动绕流特性，并开展了联合风场特性数值模拟。开展了局部风场下列车-桥梁系统气动特性突变机理及行车安全性研究，4）揭示了桥塔遮蔽效应对移动列车气动参数及行车安全的影响规律；5）揭示了风屏障遮蔽效应对移动列车气动参数及行车安全的影响规律；6）揭示了双车交会对钢桁梁桥上移动列车气动特性的影响规律。针对风-列车-线路-桥梁耦合振动精细化模型与车-桥系统气动作用耦合机理，7）开展了移动列车三维脉动风速谱的试验与理论研究；8）建立了风-车-线-桥耦合作用精细化动力学模型，并开展了耦合机理研究；9）开展了大跨度桥梁的非线性静风稳定性及其对风-车-桥系统响应影响研究。针对侧风作用下桥上高速列车行车抗风准则与安全控制方法，10）基于概率模型研究了轨道不平顺随机性对车桥系统动力可靠度的影响；11）提出了大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥非线性颤振可靠度分析方法；12）基于风-车-线-桥耦合振动理论，开展了千米级铁路斜拉桥和悬索桥行车抗风安全评价。通过本项目的研究，加深了对侧风作用下高速铁路列车-桥梁系统气动耦合作用机理与安全控制方法的理解，相关研究成果对于保证桥上列车行车抗风安全性具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。