敷设阻尼层的轨道交通钢桁梁桥振动与噪声产生机理与控制

With the rapid development of urban rail transit, steel bridge has the increasing proportion in the rail transit. The vibration and noise of the steel bridge introduced by train are becoming more and more prominent. The damping layer (FLD / CLD) has the widely frequency band of vibration suppression characteristics. So, it is very meaningful to control the vibration and noise of the bridge. But now, the coupling mechanism between the damping layer and the steel structure and the control mechanism research are still deficient. The long span steel truss bridge will be the research object in this project, based on the theory of vehicle-line-bridge coupling vibration and finite element method(FEM), hybrid finite element method (Hybrid FEM-BEM) and statistical energy method (SEA), the spectral characteristics and propagation laws of vibration-induced noise of vehicle-induced steel bridge are studied firstly. Then, based on the coupling mechanism of the damping layer (FLD / CLD) and the railroad traffic steel bridge, the theoretical model of vibration and noise reduction are studied, and validated by the field steel bridge test and damping steel beam laboratory test. Finally, the vibration and noise generation mechanism of the steel bridge with the help of damping layer will be introduced as well as the corresponding control method. The research achievements of this subject can provide a theoretical basis for the control of vibration and noise reduction of the steel bridge with damping layer (FLD / CLD), which is important for the construction of green rail transit.

随着我国城市轨道交通的快速发展，钢结构桥梁所占比例明显增大。列车运行下钢桥结构振动与噪声问题日益突出。阻尼层(FLD / CLD)具有宽频带振动抑制特性，对钢梁的减振降噪效果明显，但现阶段针对阻尼层与钢结构耦合作用原理、振动与噪声控制机理相当匮乏。本项目以轨道交通大跨度钢桁梁桥为工程背景，首先基于车-线-桥耦合振动理论、混合有限元边界元法和统计能量法，研究钢桁梁桥的车致结构振动与噪声的频谱特性和传递规律；然后，基于阻尼层和钢结构耦合作用模型，揭示阻尼层用于钢桁梁振动与噪声控制机理；同时，开展阻尼层钢梁室内试验、现场钢桁梁振动与噪声测试，来验证理论模型，最终提出敷设阻尼层的轨道交通钢桁梁桥振动与噪声的产生机理与控制方法。本项目研究成果可为阻尼层(FLD / CLD)用于轨道交通钢桁梁桥减振降噪技术提供理论依据，对绿色轨道交通建设具有重要意义.

本项目针对轨道交通大跨钢桁梁桥车致振动与噪声问题，采用室内试验、现场测试、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法开展研究，主要研究成果包括：1）基于车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学理论、移动不平顺模型及叠加原理提出了全频域内车辆-轨道-大跨度钢桁梁桥相互耦合作用理论模型；2）对荷载传递过程中的关键参数做了详细分析，揭示了车致大跨度钢桁梁振动噪声的荷载传递机理；3）针对既有的城市轨道交通大跨度钢桁梁斜拉桥，开展了国内外首次轨道交通大跨钢桁梁桥振动及噪声现场测试；4）基于有限元法和统计能量法，建立了大跨度钢桁梁桥振动与结构噪声预测模型，并通过实测数据对模型的准确性进行了验证；5）揭示了车致大跨度钢桁梁桥振动传递规律及噪声辐射特性；6）对梯形轨枕、减振垫浮置板以及钢弹簧浮置板三种减振轨道进行了简化，明确了不同减振轨道用于大跨钢桁梁桥的减振降噪机理；7）综合谱有限元法及统计能量法建立了约束型高分子阻尼材料用于大跨度钢桁梁的声振预测模型，揭示了阻尼层参数对钢桥结构振动噪声频变特性的影响规律；8）设计制作了1:4缩尺模型，开展了敷设约束阻尼层的正交异性U肋钢桥面板振动特性研究；9）从弯曲波导波传递特性入手，结合激振试验和数值仿真开展了板肋钢桥面板的动力特性和振动机理研究；10）基于迭代模态应变能理论和有限元-边界元方法，提出了一种约束阻尼结构的声振响应计算方法，开展了敷设约束阻尼层的工字梁声振特性研究。项目研究成果对大跨钢桥减振降噪相关理论及工程应用提供了科学依据，为钢桥减振降噪措施的推广打下了基础，具有重要的学术意义和实用价值。