基于正压电效应的全有机路面发电材料调控机制与动态响应

Traditional polymer/ceramic piezoelectric material has excellent large storage capacity, however, the flexibility and impact resistance are so poor that generating electricity material is embrittled, and the crystal texture is damaged under traffic load. Ultimately, electricity generating performance of asphalt pavement becomes failure. Flexible all-organic generating electricity materials represent the development direction of generating electricity materials for pavement, and the microstructure control can be designed by adjusting the ratio of raw materials and preparation process, that balance the electrical and mechanical properties. Based on the road requirements of piezoelectric material, the project prepares to choose some kinds of polymer as matrix, such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Those polymer are blended with others to prepare the all-organic generating electricity materials for pavement through different processes，which are melt blending method, solution blending method, stretching method, etc. The impact of the polymer matrix and preparation process on its micro structure and macro performance of generating electricity materials is researched by using advanced characterization methods, such as XRD, FTIR, DSC, TEM, etc. And so that the control mechanism of the properties and structural optimization for the all-organic generating electricity materials is established. Researching the electric dynamic response action of all-organic generating electricity materials for pavement under traffic load can offer extensive guidance with the exploitation and utilization of the green energy in the field of highway traffic.

传统聚合物/陶瓷压电材料具有良好的电荷储存能力，但柔韧性和抗冲击性能较差，当其用作路面发电材料时，在行车荷载作用下易脆裂，晶体结构受到破坏，使其发电性能失效。全有机柔性压电材料可通过调整原材料配比和制备工艺对其微观结构进行调控设计，在电学与力学性能之间实现平衡，代表了未来路用发电材料的发展方向。基于压电材料的路用要求，本项目拟选择聚偏氟乙烯、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯等聚合物为原料，分别采用共混法、溶液法、拉伸法等工艺制备全有机路面发电材料；综合利用XRD、FT-IR、DSC、TEM等先进表征手段，研究聚合物基体和制备工艺对发电材料宏观性能和微观结构的影响，建立全有机路面发电材料性能与结构优化调控机制；通过动载压电换能揭示全有机路面发电材料在行车荷载作用下的电学动态响应，为促进公路交通建设领域绿色能源的开发利用提供理论指导。

传统压电陶瓷材料的柔韧性和抗冲击性能较差,在行车荷载作用下易发生脆裂,破坏其微晶体结构,最终导致沥青路面发电性能的失效。压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料是近年发展起来的一类新型功能高分子材料，与传统的压电陶瓷相比,其柔韧性和抗冲击性能极强,可有效抵抗外界荷载对其结构的破坏,其微观结构可以通过调整原材料配比和改变制备工艺进行调控设计，使其电学性能满足用作路面发电材料时的道路适用性要求。. 本课题选择了聚合物为基体和增容相、通过不同工艺制备柔性路面发电材料;借助材料表征手段研究聚合物基路面发电材料的微观结构演变,在此基础上,结合其宏观电学和力学性能测试结果,逐步建立聚合物基路面发电材料宏观性能和微观结构调控机制;结合道路行车环境分析聚合物基路面发电材料在行车荷载作用下的力-电转化特性。该课题从立项以来,课题组全体成员共同努力,按照任务书规定的内容开展了项目研究工作,进展顺利,提前顺利完成了项目合同规定的研究内容。