新企业组织边界的多元建构逻辑与机理：基于创业者身份认同视角的理论与实证研究

This study focused on the organizational boundary formation from a business founder identity perspective. We wondered how business founders with different identities make initial decisions at the founding period of new ventures, and thus demarcated organizational boundaries along respective logics. First, the study explored three primary dimensions of meanings in defining an individual's self-concept as a business founder and, drawing on this assessment, discuss the three pure identity types. Second, we then analyzed the link between founder identity and a founder's decisions in terms of (1) market segment served, (2) customer needs addressed, and (3) resources/capabilities deployed, which are considered to strategically define a new firm. Third, based on four boundary conceptions (efficiency, power, competence and identity) and the study explored the link between founder identities and different logic along building organizational boundaries, mediating via the founding decision making. Fourth, we tried to look at contingent roles of task and institutional environment in influencing the founder decision making as well as the organizational boundary formation. In specific, would it possible that the task environment's volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) as well as the weak institutional environment in China's transition economy be strong contextual demands that logic in building organizational boundary, thus the choice of behavior would be contingent on the nature of the situation rather than salient identities. The study contributed to our understanding towards an extension of theories of the firm in entrepreneurship context, the role of entrepreneurs in crafting organizational characteristics at the firm level as well as offering new insights to organizational imprinting studies. Moreover, the study shed lights on entrepreneurs' self-management, founding teams' structure and conflict management as well as suggesting governments and supporting agencies to incubate diversified new ventures rather than only efficiency-based firms in a new era.

基于互联网技术的第三次科技革命，催生了多元化的创业企业，使得组织边界越来越模糊且多样化。传统企业以效率理性建构组织边界的主导逻辑，越来越无法被秉承多样性身份角色的新生代创业者所认同。因此，本研究创新性地在创业情境下考察组织边界的形成，基于创业者自我身份认同的视角解析新企业组织边界的多元建构逻辑与机理，即创业者如何通过多样化的身份认同，做出创业决策，进而划定组织边界，形成以效率、影响力、能力以及意义建构为依据的多元建构逻辑。此外，本研究还探讨新时代任务环境和中国转型经济的弱制度环境，对创业者决策及组织边界建构逻辑的影响。研究运用跟踪式案例研究与大样本调查结合的研究设计，尝试开发测量量表，实证检验"身份认同-创业决策-组织边界"理论模型。本研究拓展组织理论的研究空间、延伸创业者特质论研究，并为组织烙印的研究提供新启发。研究启发了创业者自我管理，创业团队组建与冲突管理，以及政府等支持机。

本研究基于身份认同理论（identity theory）解释新企业组织边界建构的机理与路径，力图基于身份认同理论，构建一个可以描述创业者身份认同维度和类型的一般分类框架。这个框架描了个体作为一个创业者主要的动机、自我评价和参照标准，每一类别都包含不同的角色内涵意义，以此为依据，阐述不同身份认同的创业者建构组织边界的逻辑依据；基于这个分类框架，进一步推演创业者的身份特征如何影响新企业创建期的决策行为，刻画创业者身份认同如何通过作用于创业决策和行为来影响组织边界建构，从而理清创业者个体属性如何作用于组织层面结果的机理和路径。进而，扩展传统的效率理性下的组织边界概念，需我们放松以往研究对环境属性的既定假设，因此本研究旨在探讨不同任务环境和制度境下，创业者身份认同对创业决策和组织边界建构逻辑的影响边界。