公益性景区公益化驱动因素、瓶颈制约以及提升路径研究

Scenic areas based on public resources should reflect the public benefit and contribute to the welfare of people, but only 7.53% of them are free of charge, the remaining provide many chargeable services and put up price frequently. This phenomenon has caused discontent of Chinese. The paper takes the Shanghai Bund which is lack of shingle, the West Lake of Hangzhou which exempts admission ticket, the ancient city in Hunan Fenghuang which is free for local residents and the west of Sichuan Daocheng Aden as study samples that are from different spatial scales and different stages of development. From the aspects of policy guidance, environmental constraints and market promotion, the paper analyses and discriminates the public driving factors of scenic areas and filters the restrict factors from the transfer "tuning" dilemma of the vested interests’ profit space, opportunity costs of scenic areas, Government subsidy ability, security of scenic areas, overload, pollution, overnight and so on. It analyses the spatial range of scenic areas influenced by opportunity cost by using ArcGIS10.1 technology, constructs the empirical model by means of data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, measures public opportunity costs and potential benefits of the national AAAAA scenic areas, draws the timetable and roadmap of national scenic areas’ development of public benefit. Research results will be conducive to rationalize the interest entanglement of scenic areas, accelerate the development of public benefit, and convert our country from world factory of high energy consumption and high pollution into holiday paradise that is suitable for business, livelihood and tourism.

以公共资源为基础的景区，本应体现公益性，增加人民福祉，但目前仅7.53%的5A级景区中免门票，其他则收费项目多，涨价频繁，激起民怨。本课题将以上海外滩、杭州西湖（免门票）、凤凰古城（对当地人免门票）、西部稻城亚丁等四种不同空间尺度、不同发展阶段的区域为研究样地，从政策导向、环境约束、市场推动、民生诉求等方面，分析甄别景区公益化驱动因素，从既得利益者赢利空间转移的“调谐”困境、景区机会成本、政府财税补贴能力、景区空间安全、超载、污染、夜宿等等众多因素中，筛选瓶颈制约因素；构建全国5A景区公益化衡量指标体系、效益测度（经济效益、社会效益、生态效益），探索公益性景区公益化的制约因素、时序表、发展路径。为国家公园、景区的管理与发展、制度创新与建设提供理论支撑和实践借鉴。

以公共资源为基础的景区，本应体现公益性，增加人民福祉，但目前仅7.53%的5A级景区中免门票，其他则收费项目多，价格高企，屡有民怨。本课题以上海佘山国家森林公园、杭州西湖（免门票）、凤凰古城（对当地人免门票）、广东民间工艺博物馆（陈家祠堂，门票10元）等四种不同空间尺度、不同发展阶段的区域为研究样地，从政策导向、环境约束、市场推动、民生诉求等方面，分析甄别景区公益化驱动因素，从既得利益者赢利空间转移的“调谐”困境、景区机会成本、政府财税补贴能力、景区空间安全、超载、污染等众多因素中，筛选瓶颈制约因素；进行景区效益测度（经济效益、社会效益、生态效益），探索公益性景区公益化的驱动因素、制约因素和发展路径。为国家公园、景区的管理与发展、制度创新与建设提供理论支撑和实践借鉴。