紫茎泽兰微波快速热解资源化的基础研究

Biomass is a renewable resource, the development and utilization of biomass is the important research direction in the field of resources energy. Crofton Weed is a typical exotic harmful biomas ranked first in our country with abundance production; its utilization research has received great scientific significance and social value. Typical problems such as secondary pyrolysis and the complexity of the product products are caused by slow pyrolysis. In the project, Crofton Weed is comprehensive utilized by fast pyrolysis via microwave heating, its microwave adsorption enhanced by added pyrolysis char. Some new process routes are established, pyrolysis chars are used as raw material to prepared the pores carbon, the Bio-oil are prepared by the pyrolysis liquid product, while the pyrolysis gas are high calorific value gas. It is the first time to study the utilization of Crofton Weed of solid, liquid, gas products technology via microwave, which also realize the thermal chemical conversion and high value of products.The new technology of preparing porous carbon from the pyrolysis solid product and the preparing Bio-oil from the liquid product by using the self-made microwave reactor is carried out. The control mechanism of thermal decomposition product ratio of solid to liquid in microwave field, and the effect of process parameters (pyrolysis temperature, reaction time, activation agent, etc.) on the properties of porous cabon and Bio-oil are studied. Furthermore, the association among pore structure, microstructure, surface chemical properties and the properties of porous carbon is obtained. The new technology and the basic theory of structure control for porous carbon preparation in the microwave field are formed. The project conforms to the national policy requirements on comprehensive utilization and sustainable development of resources，can significantly reduce the secondary pyrolysis, improve the quality of bio-oil uniform stability, which also would be hugely significant for fast pyrolysis of biomass with microwave heating.

生物质可再生资源的开发利用是资源、环境和能源领域的重要研究方向。紫茎泽兰位列我国外来入侵生物首位，数量和危害巨大，其资源化研究具有重要的科学意义和社会价值。针对热解速率慢导致二次热解、热解产物复杂的问题，本项目提出热解炭掺杂强化紫茎泽兰在微波场下快速热解，实现固体产物制备生物质多孔炭、液体产物制取生物油、气体产物燃气化。首次研究紫茎泽兰在微波场下固、液、气热解产物的综合利用，实现紫茎泽兰向生物质能的热化学转化及高值化，提高热解利用率；探索紫茎泽兰微波快速热解的固、液、气产物分配特性及调控机制；研究热解温度、反应时间、活化剂种类等对生物质多孔碳的性能影响，乳化条件对生物油密度、热值等的影响规律；构建产品结构与性能的关联关系，形成紫茎泽兰微波快速热解的资源化技术与应用基础理论。项目符合我国当前资源综合利用、可持续发展的要求，对促进微波快速热解在生物质资源的综合利用具有重要意义和应用前景。

本项目提出紫茎泽兰微波热解及其热解产物利用的基础研究，实现了资源化利用。测定了紫茎泽兰的成分组成、元素组成和工业分析，分析了热重行为及其添加剂对热失重的影响，研究了紫茎泽兰和生物质热解炭的介电常数与介电损耗，以及微波场下的升温特性曲线，奠定了微波热解利用基础；研究了热解温度、保温时间、氮气流速、添加剂等条件固、液、气产物分布的影响规律，分析了热解产物的结构、性质，与常规热解对比，揭示微波热解机理，热解气净化处理后可作为燃气；开展了热解炭通过物理活化、化学活化制备多孔炭的研究，探索了活化剂种类、反应时间、微波功率等主要因素对多孔炭指标和得率等的影响规律，优化了工艺参数，揭示了活化机理与孔炭结构调控规律，物理活化可制得1036 m2/g以上多孔炭，活化过程产生16.91MJ/Nm3以上高热值、富氢燃气，化学活化可制得高于3000m2/g的高比表面积活性炭；分析了热解液体产物的成分、热值等基本特性参数，开展了乳化生物油的高值化研究，探索了主要参数对生物油热值等主要参数的影响，获得了热值为40.2MJ/kg的乳化燃料。开展了杨木屑等物料微波热解的移植性研究。.通过项目实施，出版学术专著1部，发表论文15篇，SCI检索14篇；申请专利19件，已获授权11件。获全国“冶金院长奖”青年教师提名奖、国际发明展览会金奖1项。项目负责人晋升为教授，被遴选为云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才、博士研究生指导教师、中国有色金属学会冶金物理化学学术委员会委员等，指导毕业博士研究生1人、硕士研究生2人。