有机物污染废活性炭微波再生的机理研究

Organic wastewater is one of the major pollution sources in the field of metallurgical, pharmaceutical and other industrial, which is now effectively adsorbed by activated carbon. However, during the adsorption process the spent activated carbon will certainly be produced. Recycling use of the spent activated carbon strongly support the feasibility for environmental protection and practical value. In the project, the organic pollution spent activated carbon for zinc sulfate solution purification was used to explore the regeneration, using the gas from the evolution and decomposition of organic pollutants and water in spent activated carbon during microwave heating. Avoid conventional regeneration and activation of gas process; implement recycling waste activated carbon for purification of organic compound in zinc sulfate solution, revolutionizing conventional heating regeneration technique of spent activated carbon. Moreover, microwave dielectric property dates are obtained the mechanism between the decomposition of volatile gas and microwave assisted is investigated. The research of adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics is done. Additionally the association rules among the regeneration, characteristics and adsorption are established, which can establish the technology prototypes about the regeneration of organic pollution spent activated carbon. The project will strongly deepen the basic theory of microwave regenerate technology for organic polluted activated carbon. Unlike regenerative technology, this project advocates a model of development on the basis of constant and circulatory use of spent resources.

有机废水是工业和城市废水的重要污染源，活性炭吸附处理是行之有效的方法，已广为应用。由此产生大量有机物污染废活性炭，其资源化利用对环境保护、废物再利用均具有重要的研究意义和实践价值。项目以湿法炼锌过程硫酸锌溶液有机物净化用废活性炭为研究对象，首次提出以水分、有机污染物微波加热挥发、分解产生的气体进行分步再生，再生活性炭用于含锌溶液有机物净化，实现废活性炭循环利用，避免常规再生采用外加活化气体的工艺，革新活性炭再生技术；探索废活性炭污染物分布赋存状态及失活机理，获取物料微波介电特性基础数据，揭示废活性炭中污染物挥发、分解转化的演变规律与调控机制，阐明污染物挥发、分解气体与微波技术协同的废活性炭分步再生机理；构建再生活性炭结构、性能与吸附间的关联关系，形成有机物污染用废活性炭再生的技术原型。项目研究可深化有机物污染活性炭再生基础理论，促进我国大量废活性炭的再生和循环利用，具有广阔的应用前景。

针对有机废水净化产生的废活性炭，本项目以湿法炼锌过程中净化硫酸锌溶液产生的废活性炭为研究对象，采用微波法进行再生，得到的再生活性炭用于有机物净化，实现了活性炭循环利用。通过扫描电镜、能谱分析、GC-MS、XRD等，研究了废活性炭污染物的成分组成、赋存状态、表面化学性质和微观结构，揭示了废活性炭失活原因，该废活性炭主要含有机分子高聚物如醚类、酯类、酮类、醇类、硫基化合物、氮基化合物、苯酚及苯类等；研究了废活性炭微波介电特性与升温特性，在100-200℃、600-800℃温度区间介电损耗最大，与废活性炭污染物的挥发、分解和物质转化过程有关；研究了微波再生过程气氛条件、再生温度、再生时间等因素对废活性炭再生效果的影响，再生活性炭的比表面积923m2/g，孔结构得到明显恢复，研究了再生活性炭的无机、有机成分组成、表面化学性质和形貌、孔结构，并与常规再生活性炭和废活性炭对比，初步揭示了再生机理；再生活性炭的苯酚吸附量可达到210mg/g，性能高于常规再生的160mg/g，并研究了对有机物吸附动力学；微波再生可用于药用、味精净化等含有机物废活性炭再生，具有较好的应用前景。.通过项目实施，出版专著2部，发表论文19篇，SCI检索16篇；申请专利16件，已获授权8件。获全国“冶金院长奖”青年教师提名奖、国际发明展览会金奖1项、全国发明展览会银奖2项。项目负责人晋升为教授，被遴选为云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才、博士研究生指导教师、中国有色金属学会冶金物理化学学术委员会委员等，培养毕业硕士研究生2人，在培养博士研究生1人、硕士研究生1人。