Immunosuppression in sepsis is mainly caused by apoptosis of several immune cell types including macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. In particular, CD4+ T cells are reported to have considerable involvement in the pathophysiology of immunosuppression. Recent clinical investigations and animal experiments have demonstrated that autophagy plays a protective role in several organs during sepsis. Studies shown that the deficiency in T cell autophagy increases mortality and CD4+ T cells apoptosis. However, the details of the mechanisms by which deficiency of autophagy induces apoptosis have not been demonstrated. It is known that PD-1 ligation causes inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathways, leading to apoptosis and metabolic reprograming in T cells. PI3K/Akt pathways is also an important regulation pathway of autophagy. Thus, we propose a hypothesis that PD-1 may play an important role in regulation of CD4+ T cells autophagy through PI3K-Akt pathways. In our study, we will use wide type mice and CD4+T cell- Ulk1 specific knockout mice (CD4-Cre recombinase/Ulk1f/f mice: CD4-Cre/ Ulk1f/f mice) CLP sepsis model to prove our hypothesis. The results will reveal the possible PI3K-Akt pathways related regulation mechanism of autophagy controlled by PD-1, and may provide some new important targets for sepsis immunotherapy.
研究表明,大量CD4+T淋巴细胞活化后凋亡是导致脓毒症后期机体免疫功能受损的重要机制。而自噬的抑制会增加CD4+T淋巴细胞的凋亡。因此,合理地诱导CD4+T淋巴细胞的自噬水平,可能成为脓毒症新的免疫治疗手段。然而,脓毒症时自噬调节机制的研究尚非常有限。PD-1通过抑制PI3K-Akt信号系统对T细胞免疫具有特异性负向调控作用。而PI3K-Akt相关信号又是调控细胞自噬的重要通路。因此,PD-1可能通过PI3K-Akt信号通路参与对CD4+T淋巴细胞自噬的调控。本项目以PD-1对PI3K-Akt信号系统的“开/关”作用作为调节手段,通过经典的CLP脓毒症模型,相继分别联合雷帕霉素和Ulk1条件性基因敲除模型作为PI3K-Akt信号“分支路口”的“小开/关”,阐明PD-1相关PI3K-Akt信号系统在CD4+T淋巴细胞自噬中的作用机制,为将来脓毒症的免疫治疗提供新的思路和靶点。
脓毒症是急危重症领域研究的热点和难点问题。强烈促炎免疫反应后的持续免疫麻痹状态是导致脓毒症患者器官衰竭及不良预后的主要原因。揭示脓毒症免疫调控异常的分子基础,有助于科学监测和干预脓毒症患者免疫状态,改善患者预后。应用小鼠CLP脓毒症模型,我们发现脓毒症后CD4+ T淋巴细胞数量明显减少,表现为凋亡细胞数量增加及PD-1表达量增加,表明二者存在相关性。同时发现,脓毒症时小鼠脾脏中具有重要免疫抑制活性的PMN-MDSCs细胞及其表面PD-L1明显上调,并验证其对T淋巴细胞功能具有明显的免疫抑制作用,表明PD-1/PD-L1参与该调控过程,而其机制尚不明确。氧化应激损伤是PMN-MDSCs发挥免疫抑制作用的重要机制。通过氧化损伤细胞模型和表达谱微阵列技术,我们发现了一种新型氧化应激损伤相关蛋白PHLDA1,也被称为T细胞死亡相关基因51,在氧化应激损伤组(缺氧/复氧组)明显高表达。而既往研究表明,PHLDA1的PH结构域与AKT的PH结构域同源,可与AKT竞争,抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路活性。PI3K-AKT信号通路是PD-1抑制T淋巴细胞CD28信号活化并诱导凋亡的重要机制,同时参与调控mTOR相关自噬通路。且抗-PD-1抗体因具有特异性高、副作用小的特点,已在抗肿瘤领域进入临床应用阶段,有望成为脓毒症免疫调节治疗新的有利武器。因此,我们将继续以PHLDA1和PI3K-AKT通路为切入点进行研究,揭示脓毒症免疫麻痹进程中PD-1/PD-L1对CD4+T淋巴细胞的调控机制,为脓毒症免疫治疗的发展提供新的理论依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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