新型高效倒装多结太阳电池质子辐照效应研究

In order to meet the requirements of high reliability and long life of spacecraft, it is very important to study the radiation effect on new and high-efficiency inverted metamorphic multi-junctioon solar cells. In this project, we choose the inverted metamorphic 3-junction and 4-junction solar cells as research objects. Both kinds of solar cells are irradiated by 1 MeV, 3 MeV and 10 MeV protons generated by accelerator. Then the degradation characteristics of electrical properties of solar cells and sub-cells are investigated before and after proton irradiation by current-voltage characteristics and spectral response measurements. The current-limit sub-cell is confirmed for two kinds of solar cells, respectively. The radiation-induced recombination centers in both kinds of solar cells are detected by photoluminescence measurements. The minority-carrier injection-enhanced annealing of the recombination centers are investigated, and the optimal injection current and annealing temperature and annealing time are given. This study will provide support for the prediction of on-orbit degradation and the radiation hardness of the inverted metamorphic 3-junction and 4-junction solar cells.

为满足航天器高可靠性和长寿命的要求，对新型高效倒装多结太阳电池进行辐射效应研究非常重要。本项目选择倒装三结和四结太阳电池为研究对象，利用加速器产生的1MeV、3MeV和10MeV质子束模拟空间辐射，对太阳电池进行辐照，通过测试辐照前后太阳电池的电流-电压特性和光谱响应，揭示不同能量和注量质子辐照条件下太阳电池及各结子电池的性能衰降规律，并指出决定太阳电池性能衰降的控制子电池；利用光致发光方法检测质子辐照在太阳电池内部产生的复合中心，并针对这种复合中心进行退火研究，给出最佳的退火温度、退火时间和注入电流。本项目研究成果将为倒装三结和四结太阳电池的在轨性能评估和抗辐照性能加固提供支持。

倒置生长的三结（IMM3J）InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs太阳电池具有效率高、抗辐照性能强、质量轻、可弯曲等优点，非常适合空间应用。本项目中，我们以IMM3J太阳电池为研究对象，进行了质子辐照效应研究，完成了以下几个方面的工作：（1）联合上海空间电源所制备了IMM3J太阳电池，该电池的短路电流密度为16.5mA/cm2、开路电压为3141.8mV，填充因子为84.3%，最高效率为32.2%（AM0），均达到了国内外先进水平；（2）进行了2MeV质子辐照实验，IMM3J太阳电池展示了较好的抗辐照性能，在质子注量达到2×12cm-2时，其效率仅仅从32.2%衰降到23.6%；（3）随着质子辐照注量的增加，IMM3J太阳电池的控制子电池发生了转变，首先由InGaP顶电池转变为GaAs中间电池，然后又由GaAs中间电池转变为InGaAs底电池；（4）InGaP顶电池具有最好的抗辐照性能，而GaAs中间电池和InGaAs底电池具有较差的抗辐照性能；（5）通过电致发光方法，给出了质子辐照前后IMM3J太阳电池各结子电池的有效少子寿命，并揭示了少子寿命随质子辐照注量变化的规律。这些研究成果将为IMM3J太阳电池的结构优化，进一步提高其抗辐照性能提供参考。