生活垃圾催化气化合成衍生燃油机理及二次污染发生特性研究

In order to promote municipal solid waste recycling theory and technlogy development,the project will carry out a series of experiments for derived fuel synthesized via the catalytic gasification,reforming,and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from municipal solid waste.Project will focus on demonstrating the mechanisum of marjor reactions during municipal solid waste transformed into derived fuel, dealing with the relationship between syngas compositions with derived fuel generation, furthermore research the catalytic mechanisum and impact factors of varies catalysts in the cash of improving yields of syngases and derived fuel. The most suitable catalysts for syngas produced from municipal solid waste, syngas reforming as wel as for syntesizing derived fuel, will be exhibited basing on comprehensive evaluation; Moreover, the project also carry out research on the generation characteristics of hinder factors gaving rise to catalyst poisoning in a series of process, and then design an efficiently reasonable gas purification unit according to catalyst's poisoning incentives; The project will explore the effective ways to control contamination emissions via integrating comprehensive catalysts and gas purification due to grasping the characteristics of secondary pollutans occur; The results of this project will not only provide necessary mechanism for the gasification and derived fuel synthesis of municipal solid waste with complex components, but also supply scientific base on the characteristics of secondary pollutans occur for correcting evaluation of the heat treatment process of garbage and resource recycling processes.

为促进生活垃圾资源循环利用理论及技术发展，项目研究拟在开展生活垃圾的催化气化-改质、费托合成衍生燃料油实验的基础上，重点解析从生活垃圾向衍生燃料油转化历程中所发生的主要化学反应机理，探讨垃圾组分及操作要素对衍生燃料油生成特性的影响；解析催化剂构成因子在合成垃圾气化合成气及衍生燃料油等过程中相关反应的催化机理，通过对各催化剂的催化性能的综合评价，优选出可有效适用于生活垃圾气化、粗合成气改质、以及费托合成衍生燃料油等过程反应的各类催化剂；掌握各工艺过程中可能诱发催化剂中毒的有害组分的发生特点，分析其生成诱因，设计出合理、高效的气体净化单元；掌握二次污染物发生特点，通过整合催化剂及净化系统，探讨可有效抑制二次污染物发生的有效途径。项目研究不但将完善成分复杂的生活垃圾气化-合成衍生燃料油过程反应机理，还将为正确评价垃圾热化学处理、资源化利用过程中二次污染物发生特性提供科学依据。

项目开展了一系列垃圾气化—催化改质、费托合成衍生燃油实验研究，重点解析了从生活垃圾向衍生燃油转化历程中所发生的主要化学反应机理，探讨了合成气组分发生特性及要素影响，详细解析了费托合成催化剂及操作要素对合成产物之间的关系，探索了合成气生产过程中二次污染物伴生特性，以及有效抑制、脱除污染物的技术途径。研究结果表明，通过将催化气化—改质与费托合成工艺有机耦合在同一系统的方法，可以通过一系列化学反应将生活垃圾最终转化为衍生柴油。垃圾衍生燃料化预处理不但可以保证垃圾实现均质化，同时还可以提升垃圾气化性能；作为改质催化剂，Ni基催化剂具有较高的改质催化性能，CaO、MgO作为助剂可进一步提升催化性能，调节H2/CO比值，CeO的添加可有效抑制积碳形成；粗合成气中酚类及焦油等为主要二次污染物，通过催化改质可有效抑制二次污染物的发生。同时可以通过水洗、有机溶剂洗加以脱除；净化后合成气无需脱除CO2，在200-300℃，0.2MPa条件下，利用Co催化剂、Cu-Co催化剂，经费托合成处理生成衍生柴油。