创业者的创业认知能力形成机理及创业决策作用机制研究

Based on and evolved from the study of entrepreneurial process and behaviors, entrepreneurial cognition and decision-making have become new focuses in entrepreneurship research. However, the academic understanding of cognitive capabilities behind the entrepreneurial mindset process is inadequate, and thus, few scientific explanations are given to the formation of entrepreneurial behaviors and performance. The current project maintains that entrepreneurs are the organizational designers, and that their entrepreneurial cognitive capabilities behind their organizational design mindsets, and impacts of such capabilities on entrepreneurial decision-making form the primary source of high-potential entrepreneurial activities. Based on such assumptions and the classification of uncertain entrepreneurial context, this project studies entrepreneurs, their cognitive capabilities and decision making with experiment design and large-scale panel study. Integrating entrepreneurship theories, capability theories, and cross-disciplinary theories from cognitive and decision sciences, and from the perspective of the interaction between entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial context, we establish and examine the “entrepreneur/entrepreneurial context - experience learning - entrepreneurial cognitive capabilities - entrepreneurial decision-making” model, and explore the formation of entrepreneurial cognitive capabilities that enable entrepreneurs to handle and even utilize uncertainties, and how such capabilities influence entrepreneurial decision-making. Some key scientific research questions are: what make and how do entrepreneurs form entrepreneurial cognitive capabilities? And how do such capabilities influence entrepreneurial decision-making? The project is expected to solve the difficult theoretical problem on the formation of entrepreneurial behaviors and performance, and thus enrich extant theories on entrepreneurial cognition. It will also provide practical guidance on the improvements of entrepreneurial capabilities and the upgrading of entrepreneurial quality.

创业研究已从创业过程和行为深化为创业认知和决策，但现有研究对创业思维过程背后的认知能力研究不足，导致难以对创业行为与绩效成因进行科学解释。本课题立足于创业者是组织设计者、高潜质创业活动起源于创业者组织设计思维背后的创业认知能力及其对创业决策的作用的基本判断，以基于不确定性的创业情境分类为切入点，以创业者为研究对象，采用实验研究、动态跟踪大样本问卷调查为主的研究设计，融合创业理论、能力理论、认知与决策科学等知识，从创业者与创业情境互动视角出发，构建和检验“创业者/创业情境——经验学习——创业认知能力——创业决策”模型，探索创业者利用和应对不确定性的创业认知能力的形成及对创业决策的作用机制。重点研究“创业认知能力由什么构成及如何形成？”、“创业认知能力如何作用于创业决策？”等科学问题。本研究有助于破解创业行为和绩效成因的理论难题、丰富创业认知理论，对于提升创业者技能和提高创业质量具有实际意义。

创业研究已从创业过程和行为深化为创业认知和决策，但现有研究对创业思维过程背后的认知能力研究不足，导致难以对创业行为与绩效成因进行科学解释。本课题认为创业者不仅是组织创造者，更是组织设计者，创业者镶嵌于独特创业情境下思维过程背后的创业认知能力是创业质量和创业成功的基础和关键，决定了创业决策的有效性以及后续的创业行为和绩效。基于此，本课题计划挖掘创业者思维过程背后创业认知能力的形成机理和创业决策作用机制，旨在提炼创业者利用和应对不确定性的思维过程和认知能力。.在项目的执行过程中，课题组具体做了如下几个方面的工作：（1）进行了深入的相关文献研究，系统梳理了创业认知与决策、认知能力、创业情境等方面的已有研究成果和存在的问题，基于创业者人力资本和外部环境构建了创业情境的分类模型。（2）基于认知能力和创业情境对创业认知能力进行了界定和内涵分析，提炼了创业认知能力的维度构成：元认知能力、认知风格、认知适应性，并尝试进行了测量工具的开发。（3）基于创业认知能力的内涵、影响因素、作用结果，从理论上构建了“创业情境——创业学习——创业认知能力——创业决策”的创业认知能力模型。（4）剖析了创业者独特决策机制来源、创业认知能力的形成和影响因素，包括创业者效果逻辑、创业者亲社会动机、经验学习、创业者心理资本、知识搜索、创新能力等，并进行了部分实证研究。（5）探索了创业认知能力的作用机制，包括创业认知能力对商业模式的影响以及商业模式的演化机制、创业认知能力对创业失败的影响、创业认知对企业传承决策的影响等，并重点研究了创业认知能力对创业决策的作用机制，聚焦于创业认知能力中的认知适应性，检验“认知适应性——创业决策方式——创业决策质量”的作用路径，在此基础上进一步提炼了创业认知能力对创业决策作用的一般规律。研究结果对于识别创业行为背后的主观成因、从能力视角解释创业者的创业行为、丰富创业认知理论、提升创业者技能有一定价值。