被动迁居后城市低收入家庭空间行为响应研究-以南京为例

Residential mobility is an essential event occurring in many urban families′life courses. It is also one of the fundamental drives that promotes urban space reconstruction, and therefore receives substantive academic attention. Since the 1980s, the research focus of foreign studies has altered from causes and processes to behavior responses to residential mobility. Over the years, studies of individual spatial behavior responses after relocation regarding the processes, effects and influencing factors have become this area′s cutting-edge topic. This research takes after-relocation low-income families as objects, and plans to carry out household panel surveys and interview to establish a longitudinal database of behavior responses and a GIS spatial database. Once data is collected, this research will analyze the space relationship and its evolution process of critical space nodes, and then sort out and induce the temporal-spatial response patterns of various behaviors, so that the decision mechanism of behavioral responses can be discovered. Further more, this research project intends to perform relocation effects assessments on adults, children and the elderly, so as to identify significant influencing factors of relocation effects, and finally propose countermeasures and suggestions to improve the living conditions of families after involuntary relocation. This Research aims to keep with international studies′frontiers and then continue to explore the temporal-spatial patterns of spatial behavior responses of the low-income groups after involuntary relocation in developing countries. The implications of this research project is that it can expand the horizon of urban geography studies in theory and in practice provide scientific guidance to improve the quality of China′s urbanization development from a micro perspective.

迁居是城市家庭生命历程中普遍经历的重要事件，也是推动城市空间重构的核心动力之一，受到城市研究者的广泛关注。1980年代以来，国外研究焦点逐渐从动因和过程转向行为响应，有关迁居后个体行为响应的纵贯分析已成为该领域前沿课题。本项目拟以城市低收入家庭为研究对象，围绕被动迁居后家庭成员就业、消费、休闲、就读及通勤等空间行为响应情况开展入户调查，构建行为响应纵贯数据库，依托GIS空间分析、扎根理论等方法，刻画被动迁居后家庭成员行为响应的时空轨迹，分析并归纳各类行为的时空响应模式，揭示行为响应的决策过程与机制；在此基础上，分别对成人、儿童和老人开展迁居效应评估；最后提出改善城市低收入被动迁居家庭生存处境的对策建议。其目的是探索体制转型期中国城市弱势阶层被动迁居后行为响应的时空特征与规律，丰富国内在居住迁移方面的研究内容，解决中国城市更新中存在的社会问题，为从微观层面提升中国城镇化发展质量提供科学引导。

被动迁居后城市低收入原住民在就业、就学、购物、就医以及通勤等方面经历了剧烈而长期的响应过程，申请人在开展大量问卷调研和社会访谈基础上，对就业、就学、就医、购物等方面响应的时空过程、机制、效应及影响因素进行了深入研究。研究发现：1、被动迁居后，城市低收入原住民居住条件发生较大改善，户均住房面积由41.78平方米增长到74.36平方米，受访者入住年份普遍较长，8年以上占到受访者总数的77.65%，2、92.55%受访者在安置后就业发生过变动，平均变动1.48次，仅发生一次就业变动样本占45.48%，累计发生两次就业变动占38.03%，累计发生三次就业变动占8.08%，累计发生四次就业变动占0.95%；3、安置后的前三年就业变动最为剧烈，表明此段时间受访者就业稳定性最差；4、在导致就业发生变动原因中，既有个人发展诉求、生命周期等因素，又有拆迁导致的职住分离因素，此外，城市发展变化也是就业发生变动的原因之一，表明拆迁安置是就业变动重要原因，但并非唯一原因；5、在就业响应初期，拆迁导致的职住分离在就业变动过程中起到决定性作用，而在就业响应后期，拆迁作用逐渐减弱，而希望获得更高薪水、达到退休年龄所起作用越来越明显；6、被动迁居后低收入家庭就学响应包括坚持读完、安置当年转学、中途转学、安置当年升学、辍学共五个类型，其中前两个类型所占比例最大；7、家校空间距离承受度、优质教育资源关注度 、就学生命周期，成为就学响应的主要机制；8、被动迁居对城市低收入家庭子女学业带来的负面效应较为显著，例如坚持读完型受访者经历了长距离的家校通勤，挤占了学习时间，而安置当年转学样本将要面临转入学校教学质量较差的困扰。本研究科学意义包括：1、客观真实地认识拆迁安置对城市低收入原住民产生影响的方面、程度、机制和效应；2、进一步明确被动迁居后城市低收入原住民空间行为响应的时空过程、机制，拓展了城市内部居住迁移研究深度，丰富了城市地理学研究内容。