经济发达地区农村集约化居住模式下的公共服务设施空间布局优化研究

Concerning the contradiction between the rapid development of China's urbanization and the slow development of rural public service facilities, this project proposed that by studying the demand for public service facilities in the process of settlement intensification in rural area, taking the balance of supply and demand of rural public service facilities and accessibility and fairness as principle, build up the quantitative researching method and theory to optimize the public service facilities in the intensive settlement pattern by the support of GIS technology. In this research, Taking the economically developed rural area as the study object, based on survey and data collection, create a GIS database of spatial data and attribute data management system; create the driving force model simulating the development of public service facilities driven by the intensification of residential pattern; Present the level categories of the village - town (township) - County public service facilities and establish the measure indicators; Establish the Optimization criteria for the spatial distribution of public service facilities based on spatial analysis; Build up gravity model and distance model for the various types and levels of public service facilities and carry out optimization algorithm; On this basis, further proposed correction model to consider the demand for public service facilities of the intensive settlement by its demand factors. Develop the spatial data processing and modeling, and computing function of GIS; Based on the analysis and evaluation model, its goals, constraints, and the output of the model parameters and model conclusion, build up the systematic optimization method for the public service facilities space layout and study the developing patterns of rural public service facilities. This research take the Changxing County Zhejiang Province as study object.

针对我国城镇化快速发展和农村公共服务设施发展滞后的矛盾，以农村居住模式集约化对公共服务设施的需求为出发点，以农村公共服务设施的供需均衡和通达性及公平性为原则，建立定量研究集约化居住模式及公共设施布局优化方法和理论。项目研究中，以经济发达地区农村为考察对象，基于调查和资料收集，建立空间数据和属性数据管理的GIS数据库系统；建立集约化居住模式对公共服务设施的驱动力模型。提出村-镇(乡)-县公共服务设施的层次类别并建立测度指标；基于空间分析方法建立公共服务设施空间布局优化判据准则；建立各级各类公共服务设施的引力模型和距离模型并开展优化算法研究。在此基础上进一步提出考虑集约化居住模式需求因素的需求修正模型；开发GIS空间数据处理和建模与运算等功能，基于项目提出的分析评价模型，实现目标、约束条件、模型参数和模型结论的输出，形成公共服务设施空间布局的系统优化方法。本研究以浙江省长兴县为主要考察对象。

针对我国城镇化快速发展和农村公共服务设施发展滞后的矛盾，以浙江省长兴县为研究对象，从集约化的角度出发，通过优化农村居民点布局，进而提出公共服务设施优化布局的方法。研究对国内外村镇规划和城镇化快速阶段进行了理论研究，构建了集约化视角下农村居民点布局和农村基本公共服务设施优化布局的研究框架。在实地调研和资料收集的基础上，建立了长兴县村庄及公共服务设施分布数据库。运用GIS等规划相关软件，对长兴县农村居民点现状和居民点用地宜建性进行了分析。农村居民点分析主要包括了规模分析和分布形态分析两方面。分析发现长兴县现状农村居民点用地存在下列问题：土地粗放利用，村庄点多面广；村庄布局分散，不利于设施共享；大规模农民社区建设尚未开展。选取了地形因素、区位因素、经济因素、政策执行因素四方面共十二个指标对长兴县农村居民点用地宜建性进行了分析。分析发现，长兴县农村居民点的优先适宜区面积为46.2平方千米。在此基础之上，提出了长兴县县域农村居民点集约化布局调整的方案。通过对长兴县现状公共服务设施的分析，发现在层级规模方面，现状多数设施在行政村层面有较全的覆盖，教育、金融和商业设施则在乡镇层面集中。在配置水平方面，现状公共服务设施没能有效发挥效应，服务对象和设施本身存在位差。在建设时序方面，现状和城镇化的动态发展尚需相协调。研究提出了集约视角下的县域公共服务设施优化布局的方法，并进行规划前后的效益评估。