传统村落空间肌理的参数化解析与重构方法研究

The macroscopic spatial textures of traditional villages are widely regarded as an accumulation of the history and a reflection of the spatial characteristics as well, made them have important historical and social value. However, the number of traditional villages in China is sharply reduced for past few years. Meanwhile, the texture features are gradually ebbing away under a wave of rural construction, generating all villages with the same features. The traditional idea and means of planning are difficult to accurately identify and invert these texture features. Hence, this program aims at the inheritance and continuation of macro texture features. Computer parametric technology was used to quantitatively study the overall spatial textures of traditional villages. Firstly, in order to obtain the parameter set and parameter values that can describe all kinds of factors of texture features, the parametric analysis method was explored by taking different spatial elements (road, lot and building) into account. Secondly, the parametric refactoring method for different spatial elements and the similarity evaluation method for spatial textures were studied in depth to obtain a new scheme in three dimensional spaces that were highly similar to the original village textures. Thirdly, the transformation strategy and the application method for parametric results were discussed to enable more practicability and operability of the whole set of technology regarding planning practice. This program will provide a technological base for accurate identification, inversion and inheritance of spatial textures of traditional villages, as well as a new idea for protecting traditional villages.

传统村落的宏观空间肌理是历史的积淀和空间特色的反映，具有重要的历史和社会价值。然而近年来我国传统村落数量急剧减少，肌理特色在乡村建设浪潮中逐渐消逝，出现了“千村一面”的局面。而传统的规划设计理念与手段又难以准确识别和反演这些肌理特征。为此，本项目拟以宏观肌理特征的传承与延续为目标，借助计算机参数化技术，对传统村落的整体空间肌理进行深入的定量化研究：①针对村落中不同类型的空间要素（道路、地块和建筑），探究其参数化解析方式，由此获得能够描述要素各种肌理特征的参数集和参数值；②深入研究各类空间要素的参数化重构方法以及空间肌理的相似度评价方法，以获得与原始村落肌理具有高度相似性的新三维空间方案；③研究参数化成果的转换策略与应用方法，使整套技术在规划实践中更具实用性和可操作性。研究成果将为传统村落空间肌理的准确识别、反演和传承奠定技术基础，为传统村落保护提供一个新思路。

本项目针对我国传统村落空间肌理特色逐渐消逝、千村一面，同时又缺乏有效规划设计手段来继承空间肌理的问题，创新性地将参数化技术引入村落空间肌理的分析研究。本项目的研究内容主要包括：①村落道路的参数化设计，深入研究了道路的参数化解析方法、参数化重构方法，以及重构后的指标验证流程与方法；②村落地块的参数化设计，深入探究了村落地块空间肌理的分解与子图形集合的构建，地块空间特征的解读，地块重构方法；③村落建筑的参数化解析与重构，研究了村落建筑空间肌理的分解与子图形集的构建、核心要素的参数化转译、核心参数的筛选和规则的编写；④规划应用与案例实证研究，通过实际规划设计案例，来验证方法的可行性。项目所获得的重要成果包括：①对传统乡村聚落空间肌理和当前村庄规划下的新村空间肌理的特征进行了对比研究，指出了当前村庄规划建设中存在着的问题及其成因；②分别从道路空间肌埋、地块空间肌理、建筑空间肌理三个空间要素的特征进行了深度的解读并提取了传统特征点，同时结合村落发展趋势研判，对各传统特征的价值进行了判断和甄选，确定了需要传承的传统特征以及需要优化的特征点。③对聚落边界提取方法进行了优化。提出了三类空间要素的参数化解析与重构技术方法；④研究并提出了参数化重构前后的相似度和合理性评价的评价指标体系和评价模型，既包括形态上的相似性评价也包括功能上的相似性评价，提出的评价指标涵盖了定性和定量两个方面；⑤针对参数化研究的初始成果难以被规划师理解的难点，提出了一套参数化成果转化的方法。同时，也进一步探索了参数化解析与重构方法在村庄规划建设中的规划应用途径。本项目所提出的传统村落空间肌理的参数化解析与重构体系，将为我国广大农村地区的乡村规划设计、乡村振兴、美丽乡村等建设，提供有力的技术支撑。