连续玄武岩纤维帘线/橡胶界面结构、粘合性能与疲劳破坏过程研究

In this project, a novel type of high-performance inorganic fiber, namely continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is introduced into the field of rubber products. The relationships among the interfacial structure, static adhesion and fatigue property of CBF cord/rubber interface are investigated; the effective surface treatment methods are selected, and the proper evaluation methods of CBF cord/rubber interfacial properties are established. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The effects of CBF surface modification methods on the interfacial structure between CBF cords and the rubber matrix are studied, the formula and process parameters of resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) dipping system and the proper pre-treatment methods of CBF cords are investigated, the interfacial structures between treated CBF cords and the rubber matrix are characterized and the key impact factors are mainly discussed. 2. High frequency elastomer test system (MTS) is employed to simulate the actual running states of rubber products, and the processes of fatigue failure in different conditions are tracked. The effects of fatigue parameters, for example, the displacement, load, and frequency, on the fatigue failure of the CBF cord/rubber interface are focused on. 3. Combined with characteristics of interface and adhesion status, the relationships among the CBF cord/rubber interfacial structure, static adhesive properties and the fatigue property are mainly discussed, and a practical evaluation method of the CBF cord/rubber interface is established. This project focuses on the relationship between the interfacial structure and properties, and will lay the theoretical foundation for the applications of CBF in rubber product field.

本项目将一种新型的高性能无机纤维——连续玄武岩纤维（CBF）应用于橡胶制品领域，拟研究CBF帘线/橡胶界面的结构、静态粘合性能与疲劳性能之间的关系；探寻有效的CBF帘线表面处理方案，并建立CBF帘线与橡胶界面性能恰当的评价方法。主要包括：1. 通过研究配方、工艺等，探寻对CBF帘线有效的间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳（RFL）浸渍体系及预处理方案，表征相应的界面结构并讨论其影响因素。2. 采用高频率弹性体测试系统（MTS）模拟橡胶制品的实际使用状态，追踪其破坏过程，探讨疲劳条件，如位移、载荷、频率等因素对CBF帘线/橡胶界面疲劳破坏过程的影响机理。3. 结合界面层特征与静态粘合性能，探寻界面结构、粘合性能与疲劳性能三者之间的关联，建立具有实际意义的CBF帘线/橡胶界面性能的评价方法。本项目着眼于CBF帘线/橡胶界面的结构与性能的关系，将为CBF在橡胶制品领域的应用提供充分的科学依据。

本项目将一种新型高性能天然纤维——连续玄武岩纤维（CBF）应用于橡胶制品领域，针对该应用所面临的关键问题，即CBF与橡胶的粘合性能展开研究，重点关注了CBF帘线/橡胶界面结构、静态粘合性能和界面疲劳性能之间的关联。主要研究结论包括：（1）采用间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳（RFL）体系对CBF帘线进行浸渍处理时，F/R和L/RF的变化会直接影响RFL层的结构，进而影响浸渍后CBF帘线的力学性能与粘合性能。就粘合性能来说，RFL浸渍可以有效提高界面的静态粘合性能与界面疲劳性能，但其配方的变化对二者的影响不尽相同。随着F/R的提高，CBF帘线的H抽出力下降，而界面疲劳寿命先提高后降低；随着L/RF的提高，H抽出力和界面疲劳性能均呈现先上升后下降的趋势，但最佳L/RF比分别为8和10。（2）将硅烷偶联剂KH550引入橡胶基体或接枝在CBF帘线表面均有利于提高CBF帘线/橡胶的界面粘合性能，对于界面疲劳寿命的提高尤为有效。这可归因于KH550对纤维帘线和橡胶的“桥接”作用以及对于近界面处基体橡胶的模量及抗疲劳能力的提高。烷基酚醛树脂和烷基酚-乙炔树脂对界面粘合性能的作用与树脂种类及RFL层的结构密切相关。当RF树脂体型结构较为完备时，烷基酚醛树脂的引入有利于同时提高界面的静态粘合性能与界面疲劳寿命，以对特辛基酚醛树脂效果最佳。（3）在动态条件下，外加载荷的方向决定了界面的动态破坏过程。当外加载荷垂直于界面时，疲劳过程中界面的粘合力先上升后下降直至断裂；而当外加载荷平行于界面时，界面的粘合强度分为快速下降-缓慢下降-快速下降三个部分。界面疲劳寿命随拉伸振幅的增大而迅速下降。（4）综合上述结果可知，界面结构决定了粘合性能；界面的静态粘合性能与疲劳性能相互关联但又有所区别。界面疲劳寿命同时受初始粘合强度和界面破坏速率的影响。对于承受周期性载荷的橡胶制品，其界面粘合性能的评估应以其动态粘合性能为主。本项目为CBF在橡胶制品领域的应用提供了充分的科学依据。