气凝胶热防护服微宏观设计及其防护性能与机理研究

Fires and explosion accidents happen frequently, and always result in catastrophic consequences. Strengthening the fire brigade and emergency equipment is a direct and effective way for improving rescue capabilities. In order to elevate the firefighter’s safety and comfort levels, this project will develop a new type of aerogel-based thermal protective clothing with better performance, which will be achieved by material enhancement and fabric innovation. Besides, mechanism studies on heat transfer and thermal protection will be performed theoretically as well. Relevant models designed for micro and macro scales as well as their coupling calculation method will be subsequently established, to predict the protective performance of resultant clothing and the safety level of human body. In addition, inverse analysis will also be conducted, to facilitate the optimization and redesign of aerogels, fabrics and protective clothing, i.e. further improvement of aerogel-based protective system. It is expected that this project will provide scientific guidance and better equipment support for personal protection and emergency rescue.

面对高危频发的火灾爆炸事故，加强消防队伍与应急装备建设是强化救援能力的直接保障。为有效提升热防护服的防护效能及消防人员的安全与舒适水平，本项目以热防护新材料的制备和隔热面料的创新设计为突破点，开展新一代气凝胶热防护服的研发与性能评价工作；基于理论分析和数值计算，剖析气凝胶热防护体系的热输运机制和防护机理，建立微观和宏观尺度下的热输运模型及其耦合计算方法，提出气凝胶热防护服性能预测与人员热安全评价方法，并借助多参量决定的反问题分析，优化服装的微宏观再设计，为应急救援工作的高效开展提供装备支持和科学指导，以达到保障生命安全、改善舒适程度、延长作战时间、提升救援效率的目的。

本项目采取理论分析、数值计算及实验研究相结合的方法，对气凝胶热防护服微宏观设计及其防护性能与机理开展研究，主要包括：1）制备了若干纳米多孔类隔热材料，优选了多种热防护服用气凝胶材料，并对材料的结构，隔热、耐热、力学等综合性能进行了系统性评测，改善了材料的使用性能；2）基于结构表征和性能测试，剖析了气凝胶隔热材料的传热机制与隔热机理，发展并建立了气凝胶的热输运理论模型，显著提高了气凝胶有效导热系数的预测精度；3）研制了多种规格的气凝胶热防护面料，并开展了面料隔热性能评价，验证了气凝胶材料对面料隔热的提振作用及其良好的热防护应用潜能；4）以气凝胶热防护面料为隔热层，复合形成了消防服用组合面料，评价了组合面料的热防护性能。研究成果不仅可为气凝胶隔热性能评估提供理论基础，指导具有热防护应用潜力轻柔高功效气凝胶材料筛选，还可以指导热防护面料及其服装优化设计，加快气凝胶热防护服的研发与应用进程。