肟基冠醚衍生物功能化碳纳米管及其选择性分离铀酰离子机制

China's demand for uranium increases ceaselessly with the rapid development of nuclear power, thus uranium supply is facing tremendous pressure. New methods of extracting uranium from low-grade uranium ores and low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater are of important strategic meaning..In order to prepare new functionalized crown ether derivatives that can match the coordination geometry of uranyl ions well，several oxime groups with strong coordination ability for uranyl ions will be used to modify dibenzo-crown ethers..Based on the analysis of the crystal structures and functional groups of crown ether derivatives, the mechanisms of recognition and separation mechanism will be studied. Then functionalized crown-ether derivatives will be used to bind carbon nanotubes and prepare functional nano-materials with high selectivity for uranyl ions.After that, adsorption effects of uranyl ions of nano-materials will be studied.Through the analysis of the morphologies，structures，performance of the functional nano-materials, the adsorption effects and contributes of every group will be studied and the selective mechanism of uranyl ions will be revealed..This project will provide theoretical foundation for the research of functional nano-materials which have ability of uranium recognition and selectivity. Based on the achievements of the project, new methods of extracting uranium from low-grade uranium ores and low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater will be provided.

我国核电的发展对铀的需求不断增加，铀供应面临巨大压力，研究低品位铀矿.中铀的提取和含铀废水中低含量铀的回收方法具有重要战略意义。本项目从铀酰离子的配位.构型出发，以对铀具有强配位能力的肟基来修饰二苯并冠醚，设计合成与铀酰离子配位构型相匹配的新型肟基冠醚衍生物。通过对肟基冠醚衍生物的晶体结构和功能基团分析，研究其对铀酰离子的识别与吸附机制。然后采用接枝方法将肟基冠醚衍生物负载到碳纳米管上，制备对铀具有高选择性的纳米功能材料，考察功能材料对铀酰离子的吸附性能。通过对纳米功能材料的形貌、结构和性能的分析，研究各基团对铀酰离子的吸附作用与贡献，揭示纳米功能材料选择性吸附铀酰离子机制，为纳米功能材料应用于铀选择性分离提供理论依据。本项目为铀识别功能纳米材料的研究提供了理论基础，为低品位铀矿中铀的提取和废水中铀的回收提供了新的方法和途径。

肟是分子中含有—CNOH基团的一类物质，与铀酰离子具有强配位作用。本项目成功合成了适于铀酰离子配位的4个系列肟基冠醚衍生物，然后从肟基冠醚衍生物的苯环上衍生可键合的活性基团，实现了冠醚衍生物与碳纳米管的接枝，制备出新型纳米功能材料。从改性前后碳纳米管对铀的吸附实验中可发现，新型碳纳米管对铀的吸附具有吸附速率快、吸附效果好等优势，一定浓度范围内吸附过程能被Langmuir模型很好的拟合，研究成果为低浓度含铀废水的处理及回收提供了新的方法和途径。. 项目资助发表论文6篇，申报发明专利2项，已录用待发表论文1篇。培养硕士研究生5人，已毕业2人。项目经费各项支出基本与预算相符，剩余经费计划用于本项目研究后续支出。