面向海工装备的超快激光加工超疏水复杂构件关键技术研究

Marine engineering equipment is a traditional superior industry of Zhejiang province and also one of the ten key development areas in "Made in China 2025" plan. The attachment of marine organism and ocean corrosion are the persistent ailment of marine engineering equipment such as ships, offshore oil and gas resources platform equipment and marine floating structure, causing major economic damage and potential safety problems. The project aim at solve these problems by the introduction of superhydrophobic technology to marine engineering equipment. Systematic research will be carried out for high efficiency ultrafast laser fabrication of superhydrophobic complex components on typical ship metallic materials (steel, aluminum), based on the development of whole-set prototype equipment of multi-beam parallel processing using optical diffraction principle. With the focusing exploration of evolution of picosecond laser beam spatial and temporal characteristics (wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, incident angle, polarization properties) on the superhydrophobic microstructure’s properties such as etching groove depth and width, surface roughness, precision and the material’s near surface physical and chemical properties transition, the process mechanism and control method of laser processing of superhydrophobic surface will be achieved, and the model of superhydrophobic surface’s resistance to ocean corrosion and marine organism attachment under actual sea conditions will be established. This project will strongly support the development of the marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry of our country in the next 10 years by offering an important enabling technology.

海工装备是浙江省的传统优势产业，也是“中国制造2025”的十大重点发展领域之一。海水腐蚀、海洋生物附着是舰船、海洋油气资源开发装备、海洋浮体结构物等各类海工装备的顽疾，造成重大的经济损伤和安全隐患。本项目将超疏水技术应用到海工装备的海洋防腐、防污、抗生物附着领域，针对典型船用金属材料（钢、铝合金）开展高效率超快激光加工超疏水复杂构件的系统化研究，研发基于衍射分光原理的多光束并行加工原理和成套原型装备，重点探索皮秒激光束时空特性（波长、脉宽、单脉冲能量、入射角、偏振特性等）对超疏水微结构刻蚀深宽尺寸、表面粗糙度、微结构精度和近表面区材料物理化学性能的影响规律，掌握激光加工超疏水表面的工艺机理、调控方法，建立超疏水表面对实际海洋工况下的抗海洋腐蚀模型、抗生物附着机理及其耐久性影响机制。本项目的完成将为未来10年我国海工装备制造业领域全面做强提供一项重要的使能技术支撑。

在海洋工程、航空航天、能源动力、高铁机车等领域，许多关键构件如飞机机翼和机身、船用螺旋桨、透平叶轮等，外形表面设计为空间复杂曲面，如何在这些复杂曲面零部件表面精密加工与之共形的功能微结构是我国高端制造技术与装备研发中迫切需要解决的关键科技问题。本项目主要针对海洋舰船、油气资源开发装备、海洋浮体结构物等各类海工装备的抗生物附着污损、减阻降噪等需求，开展超快激光加工海工装备典型金属复杂构件特殊润湿性表面（超疏水/超亲水）关键技术研究。研制了基于多光束并行加工的皮秒激光加工系统，可在曲面上实现各种形状刻蚀、加工等。设计了超疏水微结构单元的曲面共形布局算法以及激光刻蚀工艺规划控制软件，在光路设计、光束变换与诊断、工件标定、工艺参数调控、测试方法等方面取得了系列原创知识产权，项目负责人获中国发明协会发明创新奖。针对典型船体用钢、钛合金、铝合金等金属材料，系统研究了光束能量时间/空间特征参量的动态特性对激光刻蚀图形精度、表面粗糙度及刻蚀效果重复性的影响规律，发展了不同材质超疏水/超亲水表面粗糙结构的快速构筑机理，掌握了激光刻蚀制备的典型图形化微结构尺寸大小、结构类型及粗糙界面微观形态与抗微生物附着性能、增浮减阻性能的关系及控制机理，拓展了超润湿性表面在增浮减阻性能、液滴粘附行为、可控蒸发浓缩、水下声学传输特性调控、除冰功能微结构等方面的应用研发，探索了其在表面清洗除锈除胶等方面的工程应用，验证了其在有效提升低合金高强钢焊接接头工艺质量、CFRP胶接接头力学性能等方面的可行性。为适应船舶/飞机等海工、航空装备的现场维修维护应用场景，项目研制了可移动式六轴机器人激光清洗机、管道内壁激光清洗机器人等工程装备，初步实现从应用基础研究向工程应用的转化。