企业危机的溢出效应与制度防御：基于社会网络视角的研究

Current crisis management mainly focuses on the stricken firm. In fact, a firm's crisis may not only affect the firm itself, but also influence, in varying degrees, other companies in the industry. This will result in contagious effect and even competitive effect. When the legitimacy of the entire industry is questioned, many firms may implement the defensive institutional work but with different effects. Thus, the following questions are proposed: What is the mechanism of the crisis spillover effect? Can the defensive institutional work be effective in protecting the legitimacy of the industry? In this research project, these questions are solved from the social network perspective. First, a crisis spillover model is established to explore the effect of social connection and the moderating role of the network structure. Second, an institutional defense model is built to test the possibly differing defense effects in different contexts of network structure. This study extends the current study that centers on the micro factor (social connection) to the macro level (industry structure) by exploring both crisis spillover and institutional defense problem based on the network structure context. The expected research achievements can serve as reference for firms dealing with crisis spillover.

现有的企业危机管理主要关注危机事件对企业自身的影响。事实上，危机事件也会波及到行业内其它企业，呈现出传染效应，甚至截然相反的竞争效应。而当行业合法性受到质疑时，会引发诸多企业采取制度性防御行为，其效果在不同行业表现迥异。由此产生了如下问题：企业危机不同的溢出效应产生的机理是什么？旨在维护行业合法性的制度防御工作究竟如何有效抑制危机的负面效应？围绕上述问题，本项目从社会网络的视角针对上述问题进行了探讨。首先，构建了危机的溢出效应模型，探讨了企业间关联性与结构相似性对危机溢出的影响以及行业网络结构的调节作用；其次，构建了针对危机溢出的制度防御模型，试图验证制度防御可能会因网络结构情境的差异而具有不同的效果。将网络结构作为情境变量的研究使得对危机溢出和制度防御问题的探讨从微观的企业关系层面拓展到了相对宏观的行业结构层面，是对现有危机溢出理论的拓展和补充，预期成果对企业应对危机溢出具有参考价值。

在国家自然科学基金项目（71272108）“企业危机的溢出效应与制度防御：基于社会网络视角的研究"的资助下，本项目团队对危机溢出以及防御问题进行了探讨，我们重点研究了项目计 划中的两个问题：企业危机不同的溢出效应产生的机理是什么？旨在维护行业 合法性的制度防御工作究竟如何有效抑制危机的负面效应？围绕这些问题，本项目从社会认知的视角针对上述问题进行了探讨。首先，构建了危机的溢出效应模型，探讨了企业间关联性与结构相似性对危机溢出的影响,在此基础上探讨了行业网络结构的调节作用，本项目已经按照预期完成了相关计划，并已经取得了一些成果。本项目共计发表论 文 14 篇，这些论文都标注了国家自然科学基金资助，其中 SSCI 索引论文 4 篇，被 CSSCI 索引论文 9 篇，项目组成员参加了美国管理学年会，美国INFORMS年会进行论文宣读或研讨。完成指导博士毕业论文 3篇，指导硕士毕业论文 6 篇。本项目在研究数量和研究质量方面都已实现了预先设定的目标。