不同主导模式下电器电子产品闭环供应链稳定性研究

At present, recycling channels of Waste electrical and electronic product is not smooth ,and processing is not standard,the project is analyzed according to management approach of electrical and electronic product recycling, based on Haier managers interviews and consumer surveys,main contradiction of electrical and electronic products closed-loop supply chain and key factors which influence consumer's recycling enthusiasm is studied.Establishing a closed-loop supply chain model for Haier based on integration of production, dismantling, recycling and logistics,the optimal recycling and logistics mode is analyzed for closed-loop supply chain of dominant vendors,whether game order affects the supply chain efficiency for closed-loop supply chain of dominant logistics service providers.Under the conditions of manufacturer has not disassemble qualification, the dominant mode is divided into forward dominant and reverse dominant,the optimal combination of dominant mode, recycling style and logistics mode is given,supply chain stability and efficiency is proposed under different dominant mode.Subsidy mechanism and supply chain coordination mechanism are given based on the stakeholder theory,interest distribution mechanism is established when dismantling business is reverse dominant,building recycling incentive long-term mechanism of dismantling business leading.The research results will contribute to enrichment and development the closed-loop supply chain theory of electrical and electronic, providing decision support for the development of electrical and electronic products industry.

面对当前废弃电器电子产品回收渠道不通畅且处理不规范的局面，本项目以政府制定的电器电子产品回收管理办法为主要研究依据，在对海尔管理者访谈和对消费者问卷调查的基础上，深入研究电器电子产品闭环供应链面临的主要矛盾和影响消费者参与回收积极性的关键因素。针对海尔企业建立生产、拆解、回收和物流一体化的闭环供应链模型，针对销售商主导的闭环供应链分析最优的回收方式和物流模式，针对物流服务商主导的闭环供应链分析博弈次序对供应链系统的影响。在制造商不具有拆解资质的条件下，将主导模式分为正向主导和逆向主导；给出供应链主导模式、回收方式和物流模式的最优组合，剖析不同主导模式下的供应链稳定性和效率。依据利益相关者理论设置各参与者均满意的补贴机制和供应链协调机制，建立拆解企业逆向主导的利益分配机制，构建拆解企业引领的回收激励长效机制。研究成果将有助于丰富和发展闭环供应链理论，为电器电子产品行业的发展提供决策支持。

针对电器电子产品闭环供应链，本项目主要研究了不同主导模式、不同物流服务模式和不同回收方式的优化组合、不同物流模式下的再制造补贴机制和供应链稳定性，以及考虑处理基金和拆解补贴的闭环供应链决策问题。研究发现：分散决策下，具有拆解资质的制造商的最优策略是委托销售商进行回收，制造商主导且销售商回收的供应链模式是社会资源最优的配置方式。合作决策下，制造商申请拆解资质也可能使系统收益不增反降，出现供应链不稳定的局面。通过两种区间可以判断制造商主导且物流自营、销售商主导且物流自营、制造商主导且物流外包、销售商主导且物流外包四类组合的优劣。制造商再制造策略、物流模式和供应链稳定性最优组合存在六类情形。一般情况下，供应链主导企业可通过选择物流外包或通过补贴从属企业来实现供应链稳定性，然而正向供应链和逆向供应链均存在一类情形，主导企业选择物流外包无法实现供应链的长期稳定，而且当主导企业和从属企业的最优物流策略不同时，主导企业采取补贴从属企业的方法并不总是能保持供应链的稳定性。本项目的研究拓展了闭环供应链理论研究，研究结果为供应链核心企业进行物流决策和设置补贴机制提供了参考，为供应链参与企业之间进行长期稳定性合作提供了理论借鉴。