环境新型污染物在人体中的暴露途径及其与不孕不育症的关系

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are ubiquitous in foods, drinking water, and indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, carpets, fireworks and toy. Few studies indicated that pollution level of EPs in environment and humans is a serious problem in China. However, little is know on human exposure to EPs and their effect on human health for Chinese people. The target chemicals of this project are bisphenol A (BPA), phthalic acid esters (PAEs),perchlorate,perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). The main research contents are as followed:.1)..Develop and optimize analytical methods for target chemicals in human blood, urine, diet (fish, meat, fruit, vegetables, frumentum and beverage), drinking water and indoor environment (indoor dust and air). In our previous studies, the analytical methods for BPA in blood and urine, perchlorate in blood and drinking water, PFCs in diet, indoor environment and humans have already been developed. In this project, we will set up analytical methods of PAEs and perchlorate in urine, diet and indoor environment, and BPA in diet and indoor environment..2)..Investigating the occurrence and fate of BPA and PAEs in toddlers, children, adults and elders from China. BPA, and 19 PAEs and their metabolites will be detected in human blood from 120 healthy subjects aged from 0-80 yrs old, so that we can get a comprehensive understanding of the pollution situation of EPs in Chinese people..3)..Further study on human exposure to EPs (i.e., BPA, PAEs and perchlorate) in China; exploring the effect of daily intake of EPs via diet on the body burden of EPs. Five randomly selected families take part in this project; human urine, diet, indoor dust and air will be collected from each family in Tianjin, China. Assessing the human exposure pathway of EPs through multiplication of mean EP concentrations in diet and indoor environment by the amount consumed..4)..Finally, exploring the relationship between EPs and infertility in China. BPA, PAEs, perchlorate and PAEs will be detected in human blood and urine from 100 infertility patients, and 50 health subjects from Tianjin, China. Analyzing the difference on EPs concentrations between infertility patients and health subjects, exploring the correlations between the concentrations of EPs and sex hormone (or the quality of sperm). .This project is timely and meaningful for China, and may provide important information to understand the human exposure to EPs and their effect on human health for Chinese people.

在我国，新型污染物（EPs）人体暴露途径及其人体健康影响研究急需开展。本项目选择了四类典型的EPs，双酚A、邻苯二甲酸酯、高氯酸及全氟化合物为目标化合物，在前期研究的基础上，首先，对人体及人体暴露途径等多介质中目标化合物的分析方法进行研究，建立完善的质量控制和质量保证体系；其次，针对幼儿、儿童、成人、中老年人群，揭示EPs在我国不同年龄段人群中的污染水平及年龄分布特征；然后，针对随机选择的家庭，连续10天跟踪采集每个家庭中饮食及呼吸途径样品，通过样品中EPs的浓度与每日饮食消耗量（或大气吸入量等），系统评价人体中EPs的暴露量，筛选出最主要的暴露途径；并结合人体中EPs浓度在采样期间的变化趋势与每日暴露量的关系，分析饮食对人体中EPs污染状况的影响；最终，针对不孕不育疾病，研究人体中EPs与该疾病的关系。项目的完成，将为我国科学管理EPs的生产和使用，避免人体健康风险提供重要的科学依据。

近年，多种新型污染物（EPs）在国外被禁用，其环境浓度正在逐年降低。然而，我国正成为世界上最大的EPs使用国。面临性质各异的EPs，灵敏便捷的分析方法是研究其环境行为和人群健康效应的突破点。另外，随着多种EPs成为新的POPs，我国正在制定相应政策应对公约，全面的人群内/外暴露信息及其健康影响是制定相关政策的关键。.本项目围绕4种EPs，开展了1）复杂基质分析方法建立，2）人群内暴露水平及特征调查，3）敏感人群外暴露途径分布及传输过程，4）污染物暴露与健康指标的关系等方面的研究。各方面的研究主要成果总结如下：.1）采用Envi-carbon净化技术，解决了复杂基质尿液和羊水中全氟化合物（PFCs）在预处理过程中回收率低，基质干扰严重的问题，建立了可靠的分析方法；较早采用超滤法，开发出小体积（100微升）且快捷（10个样/20分钟），针对尿液、母乳和奶粉中高氯酸盐的分析方法；此外，优化了灰尘，尿液和血液中双酚A（BPA）和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的分析方法，详细分析方法信息列于结题报告中。.2）发现我国人群普遍暴露于BPA、PAEs及高氯酸盐环境中，且儿童比成人或女性比男性具有明显高的BPA和PAEs的暴露水平；另外，我国约40%的人群（包括儿童和成人）高氯酸盐日摄入量高于美国EPA设定的安全摄入值（0.7 µg/kg bw/day），暗示了我国人群高氯酸盐高暴露风险。.3）胎盘传递是胎儿体内BPA、PFCs和高氯酸根离子重要的暴露途径，但3种EPs在胎盘中的传递效率差异很大，其中高氯酸根离子最易被传递，其次为PFCs和BPA。全氟羧酸（PFCAs）胎盘传递效率随碳链长度的增加呈“U”形传递规律，其中受物质的亲水性及蛋白质结合能力联合作用的影响。此外，我们首次提出呼吸是人体中高氯酸根离子的重要暴露途径。.4）多种重要的PAEs代谢产物（例如mCMHP，mBP，miBP及mEP）与BMI呈明显正相关，但没有发现其它目标物质与健康指标的显著相关性。.总之，本项目中建立的多种复杂人体样品中BPA、PFCs、PAEs和高氯酸根离子的分析方法，将为其他学者开展人群健康效应研究提供重要技术支持；项目中明晰的居民内//外暴露信息及健康指标相关性将为人们评价EPs健康风险提供科学依据，为国家制定相应的管理政策提供重要基础。