能源景观背景下新能源发电设施空间优化布局研究

The development and utilization of new energy is still in the initial stage. Optimize the allocation of new energy power generation facilities and explore the spatial distribution law are the key problems in at present. The existing technical specifications for site selection of new energy power generation facilities are only based on the comprehensive analysis of natural factors. The spatial layout of new energy power generation facilities does not match the energy planning and fails to achieve the optimal spatial pattern. Therefore, this research wills analysis the spatial distribution pattern and the optimal spatial distribution method of new energy power generation facilities under the background of "energy landscape" which is formed by the integration of space planning and energy planning. The results will improve the scientificality and rationality of the spatial pattern of new energy power generation facilities. Specific research contents include: (1) accounting the potential of new energy production in resource-based areas and predicting the supply and demand of new energy; (2) analysis the "Regional" and "Landscape" factors which affect the new energy power generation facilities spatial distribution pattern, and develop an energy planning model that could measure marginal benefit represented as the maximum output with per unit of input; (3) analysis the new energy power generation facilities site selection suitability based on kilometer grid; (4) develop an new energy power generation facilities spatial optimizing model, and explore the spatial optimal method of new energy power facilities under the background of energy landscape. The research results will provide scientific decision-making basis for the development and utilization of new energy resources in resource-based areas, and also provide a good promotion and demonstration for the development and utilization of new energy in other areas.

目前新能源开发利用尚处于初期阶段，现有的新能源发电设施选址技术规范仅从自然因素进行综合分析，新能源发电设施空间布局与能源规划不匹配，未能实现最优的空间布局。基于此，本研究在空间规划和能源规划综合所形成的“能源景观”背景下，探究资源型地区新能源发电设施空间布局适宜性和最优空间布局方法，以期提高新能源发电设施空间布局的科学性和合理性。具体研究内容包括：(1)核算资源型地区新能源生产潜能并预测新能源供需量；(2)分析新能源发电设施空间布局“区域”因素和“景观”因素，构建资源型地区单位能源效益最优的能源规划模型；(3)以公里网格为单元探究新能源发电设施能源景观空间适宜性；(4)构建新能源发电设施空间优化模型，探索能源景观背景下新能源发电设施空间优化布局方法。研究成果为资源型地区新能源开发利用提供科学的决策依据，并为其他地区新能源开发利用提供良好的推广和示范作用。

目前新能源开发利用尚处于初期阶段，现有的新能源发电设施选址技术规范仅从自然因素进行综合分析，新能源发电设施空间布局与能源规划不匹配，未能实现最优的空间布局。基于此，本研究在空间规划和能源规划综合所形成的“能源景观”背景下，探究资源型地区新能源发电设施空间布局适宜性和最优空间布局方法，以期提高新能源发电设施空间布局的科学性和合理性。具体研究结果包括：(1)以山西省为研究区开展资源型地区新能源生产潜能研究，结果发现山西省适合发展分布式光伏的总面积为6453平方公里，光伏模块总装机容量达到670700MW，年发电潜力达877400GWh；(2)分析新能源发电设施空间布局“区域”因素和“景观”因素，以单位成本能源效益最优为出发点利用分式规划方法，构建了能源景观背景下资源型地区新能源规划模型，为资源型地区新能源发电设施空间适宜性研究提供依据；(3)以公里网格为单元提出了一种结合地理信息系统（GIS）、区间层次分析法（IAHP）和随机VIKOR的新方法来解决风力发电场的选址问题，研究结果表明适宜风电场的开发区域占备选区域总面积的30.2%，现有风电场共覆盖56个网格，其中24个位于适宜区域，重合度为43%由此证明了研究的准确性；(4)将网格GIS技术与模糊Choquet相结合，对风电场的最优选址进行了分析结果表明，基于网格GIS的λ模糊测度和Choquet模糊积分方法可以有效地处理空间优化布局问题，并能最终确定最优的风电场开发区域。本课题研究成果为资源型地区新能源开发利用提供科学的决策依据，并为其他地区新能源开发利用提供良好的推广和示范作用。