基于冰物质平衡浮标观测数据的北极雪冰热力学过程分析研究

Analysis on the observations of the ice mass balance buoy, and the numerical modelling of the thermal processes of Arctic snow and ice will be carried out. Measurements of sea ice mass balance buoys (SIMB) and temperature profiles will be used to invert to estimate snow and ice thicknesses according to the optimization of parameterization, which is the supplement of the snow and ice thicknesses. Appling the 1-D high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model, the seasonal and spatial changes of the snow and ice thicknesses will be explored. The thicknesses of snow-ice and superimposed ice will be quantified by modeling, which can be used to analysis the contribution of snow on sea ice, and then the difference of the contribution will be compared for different buoy observation regions. Based on the validation data from the buoys, the high-resolution sea ice thermodynamic model will be forced by different versions of the reanalysis data, and the applicability of different versions of the reanalysis data will be test. The parameterizations of critical factors of Arctic snow and ice, i.e. albedo and oceanic heat flux, will be improved. Results derived from this project, will effectively improve the accuracy of Arctic snow and sea ice thermal processes, and give some supports for the developments of climate modeling in the Polar Regions.

分析研究北极海冰物质平衡浮标观测数据，对雪冰热力学过程进行数值模拟。结合优化理论，给出利用冰物质平衡浮标（SIMB）温度观测数据反演雪冰厚度的计算方法，弥补观测数据中的缺失。利用已有的一维高分辨率雪冰热力学数值模式，模拟得到浮标观测区域的雪冰厚度，量化其时空变化特征。模拟得到雪冰和层化冰的厚度，量化分析积雪对海冰生消过程的贡献作用，比较北极不同区域此贡献的差异。利用不同版本的大气再分析气象数据作为数值模式的强迫项数据，以海冰物质平衡浮标观测得到的物质平衡观测作为验证数据，评价大气再分析数据的适用性，改进已有的海冰关键参数(反照率和海洋热通量)的参数化方案。基于研究成果提高对北极海冰的模拟精度，更好地了解北极雪冰热力学过程，为极区气候模式改进提供理论依据。

项目执行期间，整理和分析了不同航次中国北极科学考察期间布放冰物质平衡浮标的观测数据，完成了对雪冰温度剖面的识别和拟合。基于北极区域海冰浮标数据，利用提出的理想模型以及两个相邻探头温差参数（0.1875℃，0.4375℃）和上界面以下处于冰雪介质中特有的探头温度序列来判断上界面所在位置；利用统计思想来寻找非固定海水冰点温度，并以冰点温度来判断海冰下界面所在位置，构建了SIMBA海冰浮标数据上、下界面自动化诊断算法。基于冰物质平衡浮标的温度观测数据和气象再分析数据(ECMWF)，应用HIGHTSI模式模拟得到浮标漂移轨迹的积雪和海冰厚度。模拟结果和温度数据识别得到的冰厚较吻合，将未考虑海冰动力效应的HIGHTSI模式较好地应用到浮冰的数值模拟中。