景德镇瓷业技术的起源和初步发展规律研究

According to the excavation of Nan Kiln and Lantian Kiln site in Jingdezhen, many experts agree that the ceramic industry of Jingdezhen, the porcelain capital of the world, can be dated back at least to Tang Dynasty(AD 618-907). An in-depth study on the celadon and white porcelain of Tang and the Five Dynasties, and the bluish white porcelain of Song Dynasty unearthed from releted kiln sites is of great significance for exploring the origin and early development of Jingdezhen ceramic industry. Thus, by using apparatus such as Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, thermal dilatometer, SEM and referring to the relevant literature, this project analyzes the composition, firing temperature, micro structure and processing features of the porcelain samples aforementioned and releted raw material samples. And Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS) will be applied to analyze the Sr isotopic. the development of raw material recipes of the body and glaze and firing technique from celadon and white porcelain to bluish white porcelain in Jingdezhen will be discussed according to the results and literatures. The origin of Jingdezhen ceramic industry and its relationship with Yue Kiln and Hongzhou Kiln will be studied. The project has an important significance to fully understanding the history of Jingdezhen ceramic industy and revealing the secret of the prosperous for thousand years. The exploration of such analysis methods could serve as reference and guidance for the study of other famous kilns.

近年来南窑、兰田窑等窑址的发现和发掘，证实“世界瓷都”景德镇的瓷业至少可前推至唐代。深入研究相关窑址出土唐代和五代时期青瓷、白瓷以及宋代青白瓷对探索景德镇瓷业的起源和早期发展有着至关重要的作用。鉴于此，本课题拟利用能量色散Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析仪、热膨胀仪、扫描电镜等测试景德镇南窑、兰田窑、湘湖窑以及湖田窑等出土唐代至宋代青瓷、白瓷和青白瓷样品以及相关原料的元素组成、烧成温度、显微结构等，采用热电离质谱仪测试相关瓷釉标本及原料的锶同位素比值。结合相关文献资料，探明从唐代青瓷、五代白瓷发展至宋代青白瓷，胎、釉所用原料配方、烧成技术等的演变规律。通过对比分析，研究景德镇早期瓷业技术的源头及其与越窑、洪州窑等南方青瓷名窑的关系。本课题对于全面理解景德镇瓷业技术发展史，揭示景德镇窑火千年不衰的内涵所在都具有重要意义。相关研究方法的探索对我国其他著名窑址的研究工作也将起到一定的借鉴作用。

近年来南窑、兰田窑等窑址的发现和发掘，证实“世界瓷都”景德镇的瓷业至少可前推至唐代。深入研究相关窑址出土唐代和五代时期青瓷、白瓷以及宋代青白瓷对探索景德镇瓷业的起源和早期发展有着至关重要的作用。鉴于此，本课题利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析仪、热膨胀仪、扫描电镜等测试景德镇南窑、兰田窑、湘湖窑以及湖田窑等出土唐代至宋代青瓷、白瓷和青白瓷样品以及相关原料的元素组成、烧成温度、显微结构等，采用热电离质谱仪测试相关瓷釉标本及原料的锶同位素比值。.研究发现，从唐代至宋代，景德镇瓷器胎体原料从类似于越窑的二次沉积粘土转变为瓷石，而制釉原料从松木灰、稻草灰等转变为草木灰加石灰石，进而演变成釉灰。总体来看，景德镇窑工在瓷器胎釉配方方面从模仿越窑青瓷到不断创新，在南方地区率先烧制出了白瓷、青白瓷等品种，奠定了千年瓷都的基础。此外，对落马桥和湖田窑址出土宋、元瓷器标本的研究结果表明，湖田窑元代米黄釉瓷和青白釉瓷的胎体也呈“高硅低铝”特征，但胎体配方是“一元配方”与“二元配方”并存。本课题的研究结果对于全面理解景德镇瓷业技术发展史，揭示景德镇窑火千年不衰的内涵所在都具有重要意义。