黑河流域典型生态系统水分收支与区域生态需水研究

Understanding the interactive feedbacks between the ecological and hydrological process and quantification analysis of the water budget of the typical ecosystems, are the important basis for establishing the regional ecological water requirements and promoting prediction accuracy of an integrated eco-hydrological and economic model in Heihe River Basin. We will analyze the existing research results from various studies under the Heihe Research Plan to investigate the water budget characteristics of typical ecosystems (alpine meadow、Qinghai Spruce forest、 mountain steppe、 desert riparian forest、and desert plant) respectively, and explore temporal and spatial variation of hydrological components as well as controlling factors and their ecological effects. We will also investigate the controlling factors and quantify ecological water requirements under a series of future scenarios in the desert oasis and terminal lake in the lower reaches. This research program will provide scientific bases for the building of a series of future scenarios for natural vegetation structure and promote the prediction ability of an integrated eco-hydrological and economic model in Heihe River Basin that contributes to comprehensive management and decision-making in the Heihe Basin.

定量刻画黑河流域典型生态系统的水分收支、科学认识流域典型生态系统生态过程和水文过程相互作用规律、合理制定下游生态需水是提高黑河流域生态-水文-经济综合集成模型模拟精度、实现流域水资源可持续管理的重要基础。本项目拟在黑河计划已有研究成果和观测数据的基础上，通过集成分析和总结，系统研究高寒草甸、青海云杉林、山地草原、荒漠河岸林、荒漠灌丛五个典型生态系统的水分收支特征及其变化特征，揭示典型生态系统生态水文过程作用机理，并探讨下游生态需水影响因素，科学估算不同情景下的下游绿洲生态需水。本研究可为流域集成模型情景分析和流域水资源可持续管理提供数据和理论支持。

定量刻画黑河流域植被-水文间的关系，科学认识流域生态过程和水文过程相互作用与耦合规律、合理制定下游生态需水是提高黑河流域生态-水文-经济综合集成模型模拟精度、实现流域水资源可持续管理的重要基础。本项目收集了黑河计划已有研究成果和观测数据，系统集成分析了高寒草甸、青海云杉林、山地草原、农田、荒漠植被、荒漠河岸林、荒漠灌丛10个典型生态系统的水分收支及其变化特征；对典型生态系统蒸散发进行了拆分，量化了植被蒸散在水分收支中的作用，揭示了典型生态系统生态水文过程作用机理；结合遥感及统计分析梳理了下游植被时空变化特征及其与水文过程的关系，确定了下游荒漠绿洲和尾闾湖生态需水量。本研究可为流域集成模型情景分析和流域水资源可持续管理提供数据和理论支持。