防护工程隔绝状态下人体热反应影响机理研究

Protective engineering is used in national defense combat readiness. It can be divided into national defence engineering and civil defence engineering according to its use. The isolated thermal environment support an important part of the internal environment support for protective engineering. It not only needs to ensure the staff's health, but also has to create relatively comfortable thermal environment to guarantee the commanders keep higher work efficiency. At present, the design and control of the isolated thermal environment always copy the strategies of ground works, ignoring the difference of thermal environment and personal psychology between protective engineering and ground works. The relationship between thermal isolated environment and human thermal response should be further researched, and there are shortcomings of the basic theory of internal environment support for protective engineering. This topic devotes to human thermal response in isolated state in protective engineering by the methods of the combination of theoretical analysis and experimental study. The influence law of key environmental properties impacting on the human thermal response will be studied and analyzed. The internal relevancy between psychological change and thermal sensation will be explored. The impacting mechanisms of human thermal response will be revealed through comprehensive analysis of physical, physiological, psychological factors. The key environmental and physiological properties would be obtained by using the data mining and associate analysis, the comprehensive appraisal model of thermal sensation also would be established. The results could provide theoretical support for the design and control of the thermal environment and psychological thermal adjustment for officers in protective engineering under isolated environment. It is also helpful for thermal environment study in coal mine refuge chamber and submarine.

防护工程是具有战备功能的地下工程，包括国防地下工程和人防地下工程。隔绝状态热环境保障是防护工程内部环境保障的重要环节，其不仅要保证人员的健康，更要营造相对舒适的热环境，进而保证指挥机构人员较高的工作效率。目前防护工程隔绝状态下的热环境设计、调控多照搬地面建筑，忽略了热湿环境、人员心理等与地面建筑的差异，地下隔绝热环境与人体热反应的关系和机理未得到充分揭示。本课题基于防护工程隔绝状态的现场实验，研究不同环境参数下人体热反应的变化规律，探究人体热感觉与心理变化的内在关联，综合物理、生理和心理因素揭示防护工程隔绝状态人体热反应影响机理；运用数据挖掘和关联分获取影响热感觉评价的关键环境、生理参数，构建隔绝状态下的综合热感觉评价模型。研究成果可为防护工程隔绝状态下热环境设计、调控和指战员心理热适应训练提供可靠的理论依据，也可为煤矿救生舱、潜艇等热环境研究提供借鉴。

防护工程隔绝状态热环境保障是内部环境保障的重要环节。目前隔绝热环境与人体热反应关系和机理未得到充分的揭示，缺乏防护工程内部热环境保障的依据。.本项目开展防护工程隔绝状态人员热反应实验，进行了环境和生理指标测试，同时问卷调查热感觉、空气品质感知度和主观健康感，进行了神经行为测试评价认知能力。主要结果包括：.（1）隔绝状态下高温、高湿度、高CO2将对人体反应产生不同的影响。在温度为28℃，RH为65%，CO2浓度为12000ppm时，人员的热感觉平均值和热环境可接受度TA没有明显的变化，然而当RH为85%时，却有明显的差异变化。当CO2浓度增加到8000ppm时，人员的空气质量可接受度（PAQA）发生显著变化。.（2）人员的头痛感的显著变化在CO2浓度为12000ppm和RH为85%时发现，而当RH为65%时，人员的头痛感并没有明显变化。.（3）自然隔绝9h时，受试者的脉搏与血压无显著变化，受试者的平均皮肤温度略有升高，最大升高值不超过0.4℃。CO2浓度达到13000ppm 时，肺通气量及呼吸深度分别增加到122%和118%。.（4）自然隔绝4h，受试者中的头痛头昏、疲劳乏力和焦躁烦躁的分布特性具有显著变化；隔绝5h，受试者的记忆力减弱情况分布具有显著的变化，有10%的受试者出现中度记忆力减弱，22%的受试者出现轻度记忆力减弱。.（5）短期暴露在低于7000ppm的CO2浓度下，人员主观评价、生理和工作效率的无显著变化。CO2浓度超过8500ppm时，受试者需要付出更多的努力来维持任务表现，并引起更高的生理应激。.（6）收缩压偏高受试者易受CO2浓度升高的影响，随着CO2浓度升高，受试者的任务绩效略有所下降。当CO2浓度上升至10000ppm时差异显著，综合绩效下降约10%。.（7）在不同地域防护工程热环境和人员热感觉调查的基础上，提出了防护工程的热舒适模型。.研究成果可为深入理解防护工程环境与人员的关系提供依据，为隔绝状态下热环境设计、调控提供可靠的理论支撑。