纺织车间偏热环境下人体热舒适机理研究

For uncomfortable of textile workshop which is attended by media due to the textile workers strike and "Rural Labor Force Disaster" in recent years, the project is carried out targeted studies of human thermal comfort in a partial thermal environment of textile workshop with the typical characteristics of labor-intensive enterprises. Based on the fact that long-term work of the textile plant operator can adapt to partial thermal environment of textile workshop by means of behavioral adjustments, physiological adaptations, and psychological adjustments, the project establishes behavior adoption relationship, the physiological adaptation relationship, psychological expectations adoption relationship, then proposes and verifies the "Adaptive Module in the Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Transitional Spaces" and "Special Adaptive Model in the Evaluation of Thermal Comfort for Textile Workshop". The mechanism of human thermal comfort is explored and major factors of human thermal comfort in textile workshop are researched. Finally, the thermal comfort zone, comparatively thermal comfort zone and tolerable zone are plotted in Enthalpy Wet Figure in some typical textile workshops in the typical weather conditions, which can utilize to analyze how to improve the thermal comfort or energy saving at the same time keep thermal comfort.This project can provide a theoretic basis for hot thermal comfort requirements as obligatory requirement into the new national standard and extension to other labor-intensive industry, which can ensure the basic health of workers, maintain social harmony and stability, change the prejudices of foreign media to Chinese workshop as sweatshops.

针对近年来工人罢工和用工荒现象引发媒体关注的纺织车间极不舒适，项目对具有劳动密集型企业典型特点的纺织偏热车间进行了人体热舒适性的针对性研究。基于长期在纺织车间工作的人员会通过行为性改变、生理性改变和心理性改变以调整对偏热环境热适应性的事实，项目分别建立生理适应关系式、行为适应关系式、心理期望值关系式，进而提出并实验验证适用于纺织车间偏热环境下的人体热适应暂态模型和人体热舒适专用模型。在此基础上，项目探讨纺织偏热环境下人体热舒适性机理，并深入分析主要影响因素，在焓湿图上绘制并验证典型纺织车间的热舒适区、热较舒适区、可忍受区，据此分析如何提高热舒适性或者在节能的同时保持车间的热舒适性。项目可为对纺织车间的热舒适要求作为强制性条文修订入新的国家标准、并推广至其他劳动密集型企业奠定理论基础，从而保障工人的基本健康，维持社会和谐稳定，尽力改变国外媒体把多数中国劳动密集型企业视为血汗工厂的渲染和偏见

项目对纺织车间的热环境进行了针对性研究，选择了具有多年工作经验的工人和从未进入过纺织车间的学生作为对比研究对象，以深入研究纺织车间实际的热环境。通过问卷调查的方式获取受试对象的实际热感觉和个人信息，同时测量受试者身旁的环境参数以导出预测平均热感觉指数（PMV）。通过调查受试者的实际热感觉和计算出来的PMV值，来判断纺织车间实际热环境。相对民用建筑室内典型环境，纺织车间温度明显偏高，因此基于工程实际、PMV值、热适应以及热平衡方程，项目提出采用适应预测平均投票（aPMV）模型和预测热感觉（PTS）指数来准确描述纺织车间热环境。为分析工人和学生热适应的不同，在正规的三甲医院分别测量了工人和学生血液中的盐含量、感觉神经传导速度、运动神经传导速度以分析工人长期面临高温车间环境下的生理改变。项目在基于棉纺织车间实际热环境的基础上，提出了可用于工程实际的热接受区域，工厂设计时完全据此分析如何提高热舒适性或者在节能的同时保持车间的热舒适性。这些研究可为对纺织车间的热舒适要求作为强制性条文修订入新的国家标准、并推广至其他劳动密集型企业奠定理论基础，从而保障工人的基本健康，维持社会和谐稳定。