基于公平分配与就业促进的社会保障制度待遇标准、待遇梯度及其调整机制研究- - 以四项制度为基础的理论与实证

With the deepening development of social security system in China, there have been some serious problems, such as, out-of-order social security benefits adjustment, unreasonable benefit gap, especially the gap between interrelated social security systems, etc. This leads to unfair distribution, adverse selection, and adverse effects of labour employment. Therefore, currently, research on benefit gradient of interrelated social security systems is an urgent issue. The project researches on four Interrelated Social Security Systems (ISSS), which are including Minimum Living Security System（L）, Unemployment Insurance（U）, Minimum Wage System（W） and Basic Social Pension Insurance（P） based on the case of Shanghai from the beginning of the assessment and discussion of rationality and coordination of benefit standards and benefit gap in the existing social security systems; explores the relationship law between ISSS By constructing the Benefit Gradient Relationship Model BG-LUWP of ISSS, Benefit Gradient Index BGI, and Benefit Gradient Coefficient BGC using interdisciplinary theories and methods, as well as international experiences(mainly the experiences of OECD countries); and gives reasonable values of benefit gradient , composite index of social security benefits adjustment, and suitable BGC for ISSS, as well as feasible reformation scheme taking urban-rural differences, regional differences and fragmentation characteristics of the current system into consideration; put forward the operating mechanism and coordination mechanism of three models of the BG-LUWP, BGI and BGC,as well as policy options to improve the benefit standards of social security systems. This outcome is direct benefit for Chinese government to improve the benefit standards of ISSS and to promote social security systems coordinated development in China. Furthermore, this research not only can enrich theory of the social security system, but also have great significance on promoting employment and establishing a healthy awareness of the social security behavior in China.

本项目从评估现行社会保障待遇标准的合理性入手，探究社会保障待遇水平之间的合理梯度关系，欲从源头上减除社会保障制度分配不公带来的就业意愿与行为的逆向选择问题。项目以与就业关联的四项制度（低保、失业保险、最低工资及基本养老保险）为基础，以上海市为例，在已有研究和现状评估的基础上，运用多学科理论和方法，构建科学的待遇梯度关系模型以及调整机制，并通过典型案例对其进行论证、实证和修正，为有效评价、衡量和调整待遇水平关系提供科学方法；在此基础上，针对现行社保制度的差异性及碎片化特点，探寻合理的待遇梯度值域、综合调整指数以及适宜的梯度系数，为政府规范待遇标准寻求理论依据；最后，结合实际，提出科学的待遇调整、协调机制及实施方案，为政府完善相关政策提供可操作的建议。该研究在理论上对跨制度社会保障待遇水平梯度的数量关系研究填补空白，在实践上对促进社会保障体系协调发展，进而促进公平分配和积极就业具有重要意义。

本课题从评估现行社会保障待遇标准的合理性入手，探究社会保障待遇水平之间的合理梯度关系，欲从源头上减除社会保障制度分配不公带来的就业意愿与行为的逆向选择问题。课题以与就业关联的四项制度（低保、失业保险、最低工资及基本养老保险）为基础，以上海市为例，在已有研究和现状评估的基础上，运用多学科理论和方法，优先回顾和梳理了我国低保、失业保险、最低工资三项与就业直接关联的社会保障制度政策、待遇标准的演变过程、待遇标准的确定依据和方法以及三项制度待遇梯度水平状况；考察与总结了国外典型国家关联社会保障制度实践、做法及其待遇梯度关系规律；预测和分析了三项关联社会保障制度待遇标准的地理空间分布、待遇标准梯度测度及其影响因素；探讨和实证了关联社会保障制度待遇梯度对收入分配、贫困以及就业的综合影响效应；通过上海案例综合剖析了关联社会保障制度待遇标准、待遇梯度及其调整机制问题，在此基础上提出了一系列相关政策建议。该研究在待遇标准的空间分布、待遇梯度测算，以及待遇梯度关系方面有较大突破，首次将空间计量经济理论方法运用到关联社会保障制度待遇梯度关系研究中，并对我国社会保障待遇标准的省间分布进行了探索性研究；尝试性地构建了待遇梯度关系模型，提出了一套待遇梯度测量方法以及调整办法，并通过各省实践数据对其进行了论证、实证和修正，为有效评价、衡量和调整待遇水平关系提供了一种较为可靠的方法；结合现行社保制度的差异性及碎片化特点，提出了一套较为合理的待遇梯度值域、综合调整指数以及适宜的梯度系数，为政府规范待遇标准提供了理论与政策依据。该研究不仅在理论上有重要的学术贡献，在实践上也有积极的指导意义。在理论上对跨制度待遇水平梯度的数量关系研究填补了空白，在实践上对完善社会保障制度待遇标准、待遇调整机制、促进社会保障体系协调发展，乃至促进公平分配和积极就业具有重要的指导。